Thinking Activity: The Birthday Party

 

Q. Why are two scenes of Lulu omitted from the movie?

Ans. In my opinion, the director does not want to distract the audience. Otherwise, the main purpose can be conquered. Because it only makes it more difficult for the audience to understand his concept. Another interpretation we can give is that if your main content is powerful then there is no need for any other unnecessary things that can subdue the main purpose.

 

Q. Is movie successful in giving us the effect of menace? Where you able to feel it while reading the text?

Ans. A terrible movie. It creates that kind of effect when we read a play on some level but it is not like a movie, because audio and visual effects are more effective than reading text. In the movie, in the interrogation scene, we clearly see the effect of fear where a number of questions were asked and the effect of the loud noise made Stanley sweat in fear and frustration and when Stanley heard about those two strangers he ran into fear. . Knocking on the door, in the same way, creates fear in a person’s mind. The harsh sound gives a terrifying feeling. There are many other scenes such as the interrogation scene, a scene where the lights go off, etc. But yes the comparison of text film gives a more terrifying effect than text.

 

Q. What do you read in 'newspaper' in the movie? Petey is reading newspaper to Meg, it torn into pieces by McCain, pieces are hidden by Petey in last scene.

Ans. The first scene shows the gender gap. As husband means for intellect, or we can say that he is close to the outside world. Where the wife is used to household chores and has nothing to do with the outside world.

 

 

Q. Camera is positioned over the head of McCain when he is playing Blind Man's Buff and is positioned at the top with a view of room like a cage (trap) when Stanley is playing it. What interpretations can you give to these positioning of camera? 

Ans. Throughout the movie, we find the important role of the camera. Here the camera is described as McCain's third eye. And now Stanley will not be able to escape from his trap.

 

Q. "Pinter restored theater to its basic elements: an enclosed space and unpredictable dialogue, where people are at the mercy of one another and pretense crumbles." (Pinter, Art, Truth & Politics: Excerpts from the 2005 Nobel Lecture). Does this happen in the movie?

 

Ans. To some extent, it happens in the movie. Everyone loves and cares for each other for example Mag, Lulu and Pete show Stanley care but in the end when Stanley has a problem no one can help or even care. So, we can connect with this

Q. How does viewing movie help in better understanding of the play ‘The Birthday Party’ with its typical characteristics (like painteresque, pause, silence, menace, lurking danger)?

Ans. Some have rightly cited an image of more than a thousand words, so obviously watching a movie helps for a better understanding of the play. We cannot understand the fears hidden by silence, pause, charm, intimidation, and text, but we can understand through visual images and pictures. So, my camera angle helps us a lot in understanding this type of game.

 

Q. With which of the following observations you agree:

 

·        “It probably wasn't possible to make a satisfactory film of "The Birthday Party."

·        “It's impossible to imagine a better film of Pinter's play than this sensitive, disturbing version directed by William Friedkin”[3]. (Ebert)

 

Ans. I agree with the second point that "it is impossible to imagine a better film of Pinter's play than this sensitive, distracting version directed by William Friedkin" because he is so faithful to this text and in many years other directors have not been able to make this kind of film.

 

 

Q.  If you were director or screenplay writer, what sort of difference would you make in the making of movie?

 

Ans. If I was director or screenplay writer I don't think there is any needs of change. 

 

 

Q. Who would be your choice of actors to play the role of characters?

Ans.

 Stanley- Manoj bajpai

Goldberg- Irfan Khan

Mccain- Amirkhan

Lulu- Kiara Advani

Petey- Paresh Rawal

Meg-  Shabana Azmi

 

Thinking Activity: Then & Now: Colonialism, Imperialism, Postcolonialism, Globalization, Environmental Studies

 

Colonialism is the practice of domination, which involves the subjugation of one person to another. One difficulty in defining colonialism is that it is difficult to distinguish it from imperialism. Often the two concepts are considered synonymous. Like colonialism, imperialism involves political and economic control over a dependent territory. The etymology of both words, however, provides some clues as to how they differ. The word colony comes from the Latin word colonus, meaning farmer. These roots remind us that in the practice of colonialism the population usually migrates to a new territory, where the arrival maintains political loyalty to their country of origin and remains as a permanent settler. Imperialism, on the other hand, comes from the Latin word imperium, meaning command. Thus, the term imperialism draws attention to the fact that through indirect methods of compromise, sovereignty or control, one country exercises power over another. The legitimacy of colonization has long been a concern for political and moral philosophers in the Western tradition. Ironically, in the same period, when most political philosophers began to defend the principles of universality and equality, the same individuals still defend the legitimacy of colonialism and imperialism. One way to reconcile apparently conflicting doctrines was with an argument known as a “culture mission,” suggesting that for a period of political dependence or community, “unrelated” societies needed to move to the stage where they could survive.

Postcolonialism, a Western historical period or state of affairs that represents the result of Western colonialism; The term can also be used to describe a simultaneous project to reclaim and reconsider the history and agency of subordinates under various forms of imperialism. Although postcolonialism hints at a possible future of overcoming colonialism, such changes could lead to new forms of domination or domination, including new forms of global empire. One should not be confused with the claim of postcolonialism that the world we currently live in is really devoid of colonialism.

 

The ultimate goal of colonial empires is to enrich the empire, both in trade and in resources. This was accomplished with the mechanisms of natural resource extraction and cash crop production. These were often undertaken with reluctant concern and at worst negligible concern for the local environment. The strain of the sheer geographic expanse of global imperialism on the resources of the colonizer meant that long term environmental impacts (often like the concern for the wellbeing of the indigenous populations)  were pushed to the sides in an attempt to make a profit out of the very expensive enterprise of controlling a significantly-sized colony. The post-colonial period focuses on the new nations that had arisen from the ashes of the former global European empires; as two massive European conflicts rendered these powers

unable to maintain their grip on their far-flung colonies. This period is also shaped by the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union. The other periods lack such a definitive delineation and therefore will be defined using the Kondratieff cycles of global growth and stagnation as well as the logistics wave’s concept. The industrial period starts roughly in the middle of cycle II and represents a fundamental change in colonialism as global capitalism and global imperialism form an exploitive feedback loop.

Thinking Activity: Waiting for Godot

 

 Q.1.  What connection do you see in the setting (“A country road. A tree.Evening.”) of the play and these paintings?

Ans.There are two people in this picture. Both have desires. This picture also indicates that they are waiting for something. But the longing in the picture is the theme of this painting. So Samuel Beckett is inspired by this painting and then writes Waiting for Godot. They have a desire in painting but for those whose affairs, they want to meet with God and have a place in Heaven. So when we look at a painting we find that painting has their will and then when we look at Beckett's game something is waiting for him. So perhaps both painting and in-play have the same reasons for waiting and wanting.

 

Q.2. The tree is the only important ‘thing’ in the setting. What is the importance of trees in both acts? Why does Beckett grow a few leaves in Act II on the barren tree - The tree has four or five leaves -?

 

Ans.The tree also becomes a symbol in the game. And when we find out that without the leaves of the tree. That picture gives our minds a little negativity. We think it is a symbol of something bad happening or it is a symbol of death. And when our desire, when nothing happens, indicates death, we are finally becoming a part of life and death. So ultimately the truth is death. So in the play, both Estragon and Vladimir are waiting for Godot. And both want to visit Godot. They have been waiting for the first day but Godot never came that day. But Godot sends a messenger. It does not come. And then the next day he doesn’t even come and sends Godot Messenger again. So when the first godot does not come. At that moment Walidimir sees a tree. On the tree, new leaves grow. So it gives hope. So the tree gives the positivity that the next day Godot is definitely coming. That is why they are waiting for the next day. So the tree becomes a symbol of hope.

 

Q.3. In both Acts, evening falls into night, and the moon rises. How would you like to interpret this ‘coming of night and moon’ when actually they are waiting for Godot?

 

 

Ans. So In the play, day and night also involved in the play. In the night also they are waiting. So maybe it becomes a symbol of negativity. That nobody comes. They only Weaste their time. But they have hope that one day Godot will Came. And both meet with Godot. So one-day situation happens another day the same situation happens. Some minor changes are found. As the moon never stop rising,  same way people shouldn't be frustrated by their daily life.

 

Q.4. The director feels the setting with some debris. Can you read any meaning in the contours of debris in the setting of the play?

 

Ans. Here we can interpret debris as a materialistic thing, which will not be permanent. We can also associate these things with human life by saying that humans are dying like things.

 

Q.5. The play begins with the dialogue “Nothing to be done”. How does the theme of ‘nothingness’ recurs in the play?

Ans. "Nothing to be done" reflects existentialism. This theory shows that life is meaningless, that whatever you do has no ultimate meaning. The play begins with the idea of ​​doing nothing. Vladimir and Estragon will wait without informing Godot whether he will come or not, whether he exists or not, who is he? The obscure theme shows anything of the play.

 

Q.6. Do you agree: “The play (Waiting for Godot), we agreed, was a positive play, not negative, not pessimistic. As I saw it, with my blood and skin and eyes, the philosophy is: 'No matter what— atom bombs, hydrogen bombs, anything—life goes on. You can kill yourself, but you can't kill life." (E.G. Marshal who played Vladimir in original Broadway production 1950s)?

 

Ans. Yes, I agree with Marshall's point of view. Mostly we keep thinking about the goal but if you work hard in the process the goal will automatically get better. Another interpretation that comes to our mind is that no one comes to our rescue to do so. No one should be disappointed because it is life.

 

Q.7. How are the props like hat and boots used in the play? What is the symbolical significance of these props?

Ans. Beckett has presented all the symbols very well. In the symbol of the hat, we can combine intelligence. And shoes as a person's mute. Or we can say carefree spirit for a valid reason as Estragon represents in the play.

 

Q.8. Do you think that the obedience of Lucky is extremely irritating and nauseatic? Even when the master Pozzo is blind, he obediently hands the whip in his hand. Do you think that such a capacity of slavishness is unbelievable?

 

Ans. Sometimes we can get a chance to be free from some created situation, yet we cannot snatch that opportunity because we have settled into that created situation, it cannot allow us to think further. Lucky knows full well that his master does not have the power to see anything, but he does not turn away from him and does not serve him without question of real freedom. It is not to be regarded as a rational thinker but those who live a sheepish life can be driven by the flow without question.

 

Q.9. Who according to you is Godot? God? An object of desire? Death? Goal? Success? Or  . . .

 

Ans.  According to my success and death, both are like Godot. Because everyone wants success in their life. For success, everyone works hard and then they have success so it becomes like Godot. And death is also like Godot because then we get everything we need where eventually death becomes the final station of our life. So late death fulfills our full desires. Ultimately we are connected to death so death is also a godsend for me. In my movie or play, T becomes Godot because the tree gives Vladimir hope and positivity.

 

Q.10 “The subject of the play is not Godot but ‘Waiting’” (Esslin, A Search for the Self). Do you agree? How can you justify your answer?

Ans. Yes, the subject of the play is not Godot but waiting. I agree with Aslin's opinion. Nothing happens throughout the play. Which shows the absurdity of life. Even in life, we wait for something until our death.

 

Q.11.  Do you think that plays like this can better be ‘read’ than ‘viewed’ as it requires a lot of thinking on the part of readers, while viewing, the torrent of dialogues does not give ample time and space to ‘think’? Or is it that the audio-visuals help in a better understanding of the play?

 

Ans. In my opinion, both reading and watching can be beneficial and essential for drama. Because it can be boring if you just watch a movie. Because it has constant dialogues and less action. To understand philosophy, one has to read the play. Just reading makes you bored too because you can’t imagine Vladimir and Estragon and their useless action. We have to do both things in class that have enriched our understanding of drama.

 

Q.12. Which of the following sequence you liked the most:

·        Vladimir – Estragon killing time in questions and conversations while waiting

·        Vladimir and Estragon: The Had and the Boot

·        Pozzo – Lucky episode in both acts

·        Converstion of Vladimir with the boy

Ans. I like those two acts before when Vladimir and Izeragan waste their time at the moment both arguing with each other and both say the deep deep vision of life in their conversation. And secondly when Pozzo and Lucky come whatever Pozzo says Lucky obeys his order. But Lucky has a sense of thinking, he just thinks and Pozzo is just ordering. When Lucky starts talking, everyone gets irritated.

 

Q.13.  Did you feel the effect of existential crisis or meaninglessness of human existence in the irrational and indifferent Universe during screening of the movie? Where and when exactly that feeling was felt, if ever it was?

 

Ans. Yes, we feel the effect of an irrational crisis or the meaninglessness of human existence in an irrational and indifferent universe when Vladimir asked the boy about Godot and he asked if Godot would come today or not? The boy of that time replied that Godot will come tomorrow but Godot never comes during the whole game so we can find Godot's meaningless wait. And the other nonsense we find in Lucky's character is that when sheep-like slavery fill their master goes blind. So, we can say that life is meaningless for Lucky because they don't even think about freedom.

 

Q.14.  Vladimir and Estragon talk about ‘hanging’ themselves and commit suicide, but they do not do so. How do you read this idea of suicide in Existentialism?

Ans. We can associate these things with escapism. Getting rid of conflict but not committing suicide means they have the ability to survive. In the same way in life many times we question our existence, most of the time whenever we get caught in a trap we feel like committing suicide. So it’s like escapism. In the same way, suicide is considered a sin in Christianity, in the same way that both of these Trumps avoid suicide and begin to wait for karma in trouble.

 

Q.15.  Can we do any political reading of the play if we see European nations represented by the 'names' of the characters (Vladimir - Russia; Estragon - France; Pozzo - Italy and Lucky - England)? What interpretation can be inferred from the play written just after World War II? Which country stands for 'Godot'?

 

So far as Pozzo and Lucky [master and slave] are concerned, we have to remember that Beckett was a disciple of Joyce and that Joyce hated England. Beckett meant Pozzo to be England, and Lucky to be Ireland." (Bert Lahr who played Estragon in Broadway production). Does this reading make any sense? Why? How? What?

 

Ans. Yes, we can do a political reading of this play with the names of the characters. Here Vladimir for Russia, Italy for Pozzo stand, France for Lucky stand, and France for Astragon stand. For the character of Godot, we can say Germany through Hitler who has deserted the land in the WW. In the case of Pozzo and Lucky, we can associate them as master-slaves, here Pozzo represents England and Lucky represents Ireland.

 

Q.16.  The more the things change, the more it remains similar. There seems to have no change in Act I and Act II of the play. Even the conversation between Vladimir and the Boy sounds almost similar. But there is one major change. In Act I, in reply to Boy;s question, Vladimir says:

 

"BOY: What am I to tell Mr. Godot, Sir?

VLADIMIR: Tell him . . . (he hesitates) . . . tell him you saw us. (Pause.) You did see us, didn't you?

How does this conversation go in Act II? Is there any change in seeming similar situation and conversation? If so, what is it? What does it signify?

Ans. In most acts, we feel no difference. But yes we can see the difference in the above context. Here Vladimir becomes more self-centered. Like life, most people live with us but they leave us when they think their goals are not close at that time.

 

 

 

Role of Teachers and Learners

 

Teachers are best known for the role of educating the students that are placed in their care. Beyond that, teachers serve many other roles in the classroom. Teachers set the tone of their classrooms, build a warm environment, mentor and nurture students, become role models, and listen and look for signs of trouble. Quality of work is one of the most important aspects of doing anything on different platforms with your personal instincts to practice your work in a preserved idea of ​​success. When we talk about the role of teachers in the trends of education, the role of teachers, and the basic qualities of education is the way to change the world view, it can be said that teachers change their lives. So it is very important to draw attention to education.

 

Value of students' minds: Yes, being good teachers, students should know their grapes and come despite their knowledge, and then form their minds as equal students.

 

Related and interesting examples: Yes, clarity always requires a better and consistent example so that students can understand difficult things very easily. Examples are always in the form of students ’ interests and.

 

Well-listed: Yes, it is the teacher's duty to listen to others very carefully, so that they can give good answers to others.

 

Pre-reading and Presence of the Mind: Yes, whenever we are spontaneous in front of others despite being a teacher or a speaker, pre-reading of any subject helps us to perform well in others, also this desire builds our mind with full presence. Will help because we know the overall idea of ​​the subject.

 

 

The learner is like a plant that needs proper guidance at all times like a plant needs water. So it is very important to be a good learner, any lecturer should have this tendency to think temporarily.

 

Here, I am sharing some very basic qualities of good learners that we can study in the regular class of ELT.

 

Contemplate this notion as you interact with your peers. Thinking then is the next step of listening here, the student should listen to the thoughts thought by the teachers and think carefully and then reflect the individual thoughts on a particular subject or topic.

 

Wonder and determined: The more essential part of being a good learner is that it is necessary to marvel at the perspective of the speakers to calculate the different judgment of ideas.

 

Self-Awareness and Connect: This reflects the same idea that self-confidence and self-involvement during study are as important as self-contact with speakers and the teacher. So keeping in touch with the speakers and the teacher can speed up the subject / topic better.

Question: Yes, the question is the most important aspect of consciously grasping anything, the more you ask the question the deeper the meaning and the clarity of the subject.

 

So, that was my review of this blog, I shared something that is very important for being a good teacher or learner so I hope you like it and yes always feel free to ask a question.

Thinking Activity: Black Skin White Masks

 

Balaji Ranganathan sir started with human conditioning which does not allow The idea of ​​a new modern nation-state is being redefined. The state is a fixed geographical area but the nation is not a fixed entity. Is a nation Imagine. Periodically the visualization of the nation changes.

At the very beginning of the session or a lecture he throws some light on the different binaries between colonialism and postcolonialism.  where he talked  about colonialism and postcolonialism are itself is opposite things and it includes two main factors like he referred Ania Loomba's book

 The master then discusses the human will which can be positive or negative. There is a will Something that we have. Lack of will in philosophical terms tends to be good for the OS but in terms of psychoanalysis, if your will is not that dangerous. The notion of binaries should not be considered in postcolonial literature and black skin goes beyond the phenom binary in a white mask. This is in the text Mayotte, a black woman who wanted a white man because she lacked whiteness and could fulfill her desire with a white man. He did not get what he wanted. Sexual desire is never based on skin color. No matter the color, there is a biological connection that goes beyond color. Body-color is not seen as biological Cultural. There are two dimensions to a black man, first, he treats black, or second, he treats white. Is global in terms of sexuality, So there is no biological basis for sexual desire. Are hybridized in culture or in humans. The white man has a relationship with the black and thus the child there

Born as a hybrid identity this is all about the power game, why do we value white skin because once we colonize through white skin and this idea is still pending In our minds. Humans have a dependency complex, dependent on one another. Mayotte relied on White Man to free himself from social pressure. We Never think about Negro God, we have given special category and prayed to white god in the house. ‘Kali’ is not kept in the house. She is the goddess of Agori, also the black magician Praying for Kali. In this way, we have given a lower quality place to black. Sir has also discussed the middle class, which never comes out of the middle position Due to lack of revolution. There are a lot of authoritative things that Sir has taught.

 

 

"A settlement in a new country a body of people who set up in a new locality forming a community subject to 200 connected with their parent state the community is so formed consisting of the original settlers and their descendants and successors, as long as the connection with the parent state kept up" -Ania loomba colonial and postcolonialism Anya lumber view about colonialism and postcolonialism.

colonialism is a physical occupation of territory and postcolonialism deals with the effect of colonization on culture and societies.

 

Imperialism: The Oxford dictionary defines imperial as pertinent to empire and imperialism as a rule and an emperor especially when despotic and arbitrary. This word is coined by British prime Minister Benjamin.

Imperialism: it is a set of norms and laws disconnected with colonialism.

Post-coloniality: it is a mental condition which uniform of discourses.

Regarding this mention statement he added some historical contributors in his speech such as Edward said, Homi k Bhabha gaytri spiwak, Ranjit guava they were The scholars of colonial studies. They made a remarkable contribution in the concept of 

 

"HAVE OR HAVE NOT"

"SUBALTERN STUDIES"

 

For a better understanding of this aspect he presents very relevant example of early 19 century book "Empire Right Back by Bill Ashcroft" which defines postcolonial subject form at the moment of post colonial studies come to in practicality , time with creating a binary which makes huge difference like, 

 

Pre-independence -Colonial 

Post-independence- Postcolonial

 

 

 

New writings in colonial studies creates a change in sensibility in the world. It is has no clear demarcation of time  periods, but the change the sensibility towards post colonial studies is reflect economical state of particular country.  For putting premise towards periodization Ranganathan sir connect this with Indian reference of Gandhi and he said that Gandhi's "Hind Swaraj" or Indian home rule is the text of postcolonial time.

PROBLEM OF DARK (REDISH COLOR):

You may discourage of society over language, during the post-colonial reading the very question of WHAT MAKES YOU COLORED?  stands strongly and the hypothesis is that  it would be the CULTURE, LANGUAGE, GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATIONS, LEGACIES,RACES etc.

Thinking Activity: A Tempest: Aime Cesaire

 

A Tempest by Aime Cesaire which was the retailing of Shakespearean The tempest is very much significant in postcolonial literarure. He changed the story and gives it postcolonial look. There are so many major differences. The one is Ariel, the slave of Prospero is mulatto. Shakespearean Tempest fails in many terms like, resistence by Caliban is failing, Prospero represent colonialism at its worst, there are limitations to Caliban. But Cesaire changed the whole concept by making Caliban as a strong rebel. The way he is talking with Prospero is not polite. He used very abusive words. He got all the qualities of a good rebel as described by Albert Camus in his book "Rebel". Shakespearean Tempest ended in order but Cesaire not following any order and in end when all gone from island, Prospero and Caliban remains. Caliban is singing the song of freedom and never allowed Prospero to take his land.

The Tempest can be defined by Shakespeare as a postcolonial play because,

 “Colonized is presented in relation to a cultural hybrid in which the self and others apply the colonial experience” primarily being a post-colonial play it often has issues that arose with its contemporaries, such as depiction issues. Darkness whose idea or connection to the issue of Polish deportation experiences of colonization is also connected, for example, Joseph Conard, and he wrote on his experience of being a colonist: the heart of darkness. He said black identities are largely part of whites that control immigrants. Another example is Robinson Cruz by Daniel Defoe, the Black Man (slave) whose name was Friday. Shakespeare's plays and works are often read as examples of high humanistic morality, which are decisive representations of the morality of divinity. Such as moments of forgiveness, practices of brotherhood, etc. But part of that counter on the other side of it is that those works can be seen very nicely. Which Shakespeare does not have. His plays are very problematic, confusing and even anti-traditional.

 

The Tempest is read as a play of regeneration. It’s a very traditional way of reading a hurricane. Therefore, the question should be raised, does forgiveness mean reconciliation?

People often confuse forgiveness with compromise, as if it were the same thing. They are not. Compromise is the final step in the forgiveness process, but it’s the “cherry on top” - and an added bonus when it happens. ... It takes two people to compromise, but only one to forgive.

Film Review: Postcolonial Films: Midnight's Children, The Reluctant Fundamentalist, The Black Prince and Abdul & Victoria

 

Midnight Children

Midnight Children and Booker Prize, Midnight Children, 1981

 

Rushdie's second novel, Midnight's Children, depicts the state of India through the voice and family of Salim Sinai, a child born at the time of India's independence. He and his 1001 other children, born near the midnight stroke with special powers, support his vital birth. Salim believes that his birth is determined by Prime Minister Nehru's letter that he decides that his destiny is tied to the nation.

 

Written in a humorous, humorous voice by Salim, Rushdie imagines the recent political and social history of India. Using his family and his friends as samples of various groups in India’s political, business and military scenes, Salim depicts the history of the military coup in Pakistan, the war between Pakistan and India and the Indira Gandhi crisis.

 

Midnight's Children won the Booker Prize in 1981, the Booker BF Bookers in 1993, and the Best the Booker in 2008. It has adapted to the stage, and attempts to adapt it to television have failed. Rushdie worked with filmmaker Deepa Mehta to turn the novel into a film.

Themes in Rushdie's writing

Although many themes in Rushdie's writing weave themselves through his composition, history has always played an integral role in establishing the structure of his stories. According to Rushdie: "By changing the point of view of literature, by demystifying, by always looking at what is needed, evaluating history, what would we have seen if the judges of power had not worked so hard to divert our attention." History provides Rushdie with the background to develop a ministry that explores the complexities of identity, migration, politics, and love.

Miscegenation:  As per the definition of Merriam Webster dictionary, Miscegenation means a mixture of races; especially: marriage, cohabitation, or sexual intercourse between a white person and a member of another race. In the movie, we can find the sexual relation between White colonizer Methwold with black skin Indian Poor lady and another sexual relationship with white Saleem with black-skinned Parvati. So, in this way postcolonialist studies the mixture of identity and culture.

 

The Reluctant Fundamentalist 

   It is a 2012 political thriller drama film based on the 2007 novel, The Reluctant Fundamentalist byMohsin Hamid, directed by Mira Nair, starring Riz Ahmed and Kate Hudson in lead.^[4] The Reluctant Fundamentalist is a post-9/11film, movie about the impact on one man of the Al Qaida attacks and the American reaction to them. ( Wikipedia)

    The story starts with an interview. The American CIA agent Bobby Lincoln gives an interview for the abduction of an American Professor in Lahore. Bob was Taking interview of Changez Khan in the Coffee cafe in Lahore that he may be involved in this abduction or in the matter of 9/11. Here Mira Nair interestingly used the flashback technique which was to move us from Pakistan to America in an eye-opening way. The title of the movie gives us two different views one is that fundamentalist in terrorism and another business fundamentalist.

The film starts with an interview of Changez Khan By Bobby in which Changez Khan narrates his story about his life in America. The hero of the novel was very young, intellectual, businessman, and highly reputed. There he was living a good life with his beloved Erica, a very good artist in photography. But suddenly all the things changed with Changez after the attack on the WTC tower. All people look towards him like he is a terrorist, he insulted by the FBI and many American fellows and abused him. Once, he loved America like his native land but after abusing and insulted her sincerity he came back to Pakistan and starts delivering lectures in University. 
      But this American agent blames him that you are teaching terrorism in university, which was not the truth. He lost his innocent fellow by the fire of an American Agent then CIA agents realized that they have done mistakes and killed an innocent man. But at the end of the movie, Changez wants freedom from Mujahid and America's business culture and he wants to live a meaningful and simple life with the happiness of the family. 
      In this movie we find very good use of narrative technique like flashback technique to make the movie very interesting, and also used very good camera focus when we see the scene of the attack on WTC tower when the camera on the face of Changez rather on the live telecast, to know the expression of Changez towards it. Also, very good meaningful background kinds of music are there to convey the nonverbal ideas.  So in a nutshell we can say that movie has a tremendous effect on the audience. Because what people were not able to see that this movie has tried to represent. 

        While trying to see the Postcolonial elements in the movie we came to know that how western countries see Muslims and especially Pakistani. Mostly Americans' view of them is much problematic. But no one can raise the question against the power. And that same thing we can see in this movie. 

The Black Prince and Abdul & Victoria

The relationship between Queen Victoria and her generous, young Indian attendant, Abdul Karim, was so controversial and reprehensible by her family members that, after the king's death, in 1901, she cut off her existence from imperial history. According to The Telegraph, Victoria's son Edward immediately demanded that any letters between the two found on the royal premises be burned. The family had Karim removed from the house by the queen, and he was returned to India. Beatrice, Victoria's daughter, erased all references to Karima in the Queen's Journal - this is a diligent effort to discredit the more than a decade-long relationship with Karima, whom she considered a close confidante. Karim's annihilation by the royal family was so accurate that a full 100 years could have passed before the eagle-eyed journalist's bizarre key was spotted at Victoria's summer home - and the resulting investigation led to the discovery of Victoria's relationship with Karim.

Postcolonial view:

           If we watch this movie from the perspective of postcolonial study, we have to apply ‘Orientalism’ as well as race theory, Edward said. We can ask why Western countries and especially America look at Muslim countries as countries of terrorism. It's about America's illusion that every Muslim is a terrorist. America knows that if we are in a position of power we will have to destroy all Muslim countries in the name of terrorism. One may have a question as to why Muslim countries are outnumbered by others, then why they are not taking action on America. But, in fact, due to the harassment of Pakistan and Saudi Arabia, countries unable to convince all Muslims that they are not.Change also faced trouble in the movie because he belongs to a Muslim country. All countries and their movies show that the villain is almost a Muslim. They succeeded in creating this kind of stereotype in the minds of people of other religions. America alone has killed 3000 of its Americans in this attack, but they do not see that they have killed billions of Muslims in the Gulf War and Iraq, Afghanistan and Syria wars. If the world is to make peace on earth, everyone must oppose America to stop terrorism because "America is the mother of terrorism."