Thinking Activity: Culture and Anarchy

                               






                                               

Critique	Key point	How to understand it?
Culture	Study of perfection Harmonious expansion of human capacities	In the introduction to his essay, Arnold clearly mentioned that the Culture is the study of perfection, a harmonious perfection, idealistic to relate with contemporary happenings, the best which has been thought and said in the world.
Sweetness and Light	Honeybee and spider	The central and the happy idea, Seeing the things as they are of the essential character of human perfection
Doing as One Likes	Liberty thoughtless,	anarchy represents the absence of a guiding principle in one’s life which prevents one from striving to attain perfection.
Barbarians, Philistines, Populace	The Aristocrats with Individualism, The Middle Class, The working-class people.	According to Arnold, the Philistines are middle-class people. Generally, they are shopkeepers, worldly-wise men, captains of industry busy in trade and commerce.they have personal liberty, money, mainly involved in archaic traditions and gluttony, irresponsible towards other classes. The working class who help
Hebraism, Hellenism	Hebrew language, the Greek tradition, Spontaneity,	Their application to a contemporary society which leads to an ideal society. there must be a perfect balance of Hebraism and Hellenism in culture. In England, we find both moral and Intellectual awareness sharpened by Reformation and Renaissance. that is reason leads towards chaos and anarchy.
Poro Unum est. Necessarium	Strictness of rule	Arnold warns us of the besetting blindness of fanaticism either in culture or religion. Now culture diffuses Sweetness and light and religion, fire and strength.
Our liberal Practitioners

https://dilipbarad.blogspot.com/2020/01/culture-and-anarchy.html

Robert Browning and Alfred Tennyson

Robert Browning and Alfred Tennyson

About  Alfred Tennyson:-

Alfred Tennyson, 1st Baron Tennyson FRS 6 August 1809 – 6 October 1892 was a British poet. He was the Poet Laureate of Great Britain and Ireland during much of Queen Victoria's reign and remains one of the most popular British poets. In 1829, Tennyson was awarded the Chancellor's Gold Medal at Cambridge for one of his first pieces, "Timbuktu." He published his first solo collection of poems, Poems Chiefly Lyrical in 1830. "Claribel" and "Mariana", which remain some of Tennyson's most celebrated poems, were included in this volume. Although decried by some critics as overly sentimental, his verse soon proved popular and brought Tennyson to the attention of well-known writers of the day, including Samuel Taylor Coleridge. Tennyson's early poetry, with its medievalism and powerful visual imagery, was a major influence on the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood.

Tennyson also excelled at penning short lyrics, such as "Break, Break, Break", "The Charge of the Light Brigade", "Tears, Idle Tears", and "Crossing the Bar". Much of his verse was based on classical mythological themes, such as "Ulysses", although "In Memoriam A.H.H." was written to commemorate his friend Arthur Hallam, a fellow poet and student at Trinity College, Cambridge after he died of a stroke at the age of 22. Tennyson also wrote some notable blank verses including Idylls of the King, "Ulysses", and "Tithonus". During his career, Tennyson attempted drama, but his plays enjoyed little success. A number of phrases from Tennyson's work have become commonplaces of the English language, including "Nature, red in tooth and claw" (In Memoriam A.H.H.), "' Tis better to have loved and lost / Than never to have loved at all", "Theirs not to reason why, / Theirs but to do and die", "My strength is as the strength of ten, / Because my heart is pure", "To strive, to seek, to find, and not to yield", "Knowledge comes, but Wisdom lingers", and "The old order changeth, yielding place to new". He is the ninth most frequently quoted writer in The Oxford Dictionary of Quotations.

About Robert Browning:-

Robert Browning 7 May 1812 – 12 December 1889 was an English poet and playwright whose mastery of the dramatic monologue made him one of the foremost Victorian poets. His poems are known for their irony, characterization, dark humor, social commentary, historical settings, and challenging vocabulary and syntax.

Browning's early career began promisingly but collapsed. The long poems Pauline and Paracelsus received some acclaim, but in 1840 the difficult Sordello, which was seen as wilfully obscure, brought his poetry into disrepute. His reputation took more than a decade to recover, during which time he moved away from the Shelleyan forms of his early period and developed a more personal style. In 1846, Browning married the older poet Elizabeth Barrett and went to live in Italy. By the time of her death in 1861, he had published the crucial collection Men and Women. The collection Dramatis Personae and the book-length epic poem The Ring and the Book followed and made him a leading British poet. He continued to write prolifically, but his reputation today rests largely on the poetry he wrote in this middle period.

Robert Browning and Alfred Tennyson

Alfred Tennyson and Robert Browning belong to the Victorian age and they occupy a prominent place as a pre-eminent poet of their age. Both poets apply new techniques and styles in poetry writing. But both these poets adopt their own style in their writing.

Browning focuses on the psyche of his frantic characters and tries to look into deep inside of such characters in his writings. Browning tries to understand human nature, religion, and society properly. He studies the innermost psychology of characters. On the other hand, Tennyson draws material from external specific realities, ideas, and objects and tries to express it through ornate language.

Another significant difference between the poems of Alfred Tennyson and Robert Browning is in their nature of expression. Browning's writings are always energetic but Tennison's tone of expression is generally melancholic where he tends to give a touch of nostalgia. Their poetic concerns are hardly related. Browning systematically depicts the essence of a character whereas Tennyson gives importance in inducing and endorsing a particular mood.

Robert browning and Alfred Tennyson were two main Victorian poets. They were also famous in Dramatic monologue. It is difficult to find the difference between Browning and Tennyson. Their poetic concerns are quite similar.

Browning logically reveals the essence of a person whereas, Tennyson induce and play a particular mood.

Browning in his poetry tries to realize human nature, society, and religion. Whereas, Tennyson recalls the conscious mind of an environment through ornate language.

Tennyson as a source for his poetry used many subjects from domestic conditions to the observation of atmosphere. Whereas, Browning takes an immoral character and challenges us to find out moral excellence.

  Ø Browning is often presented simply and lovingly in human nature - and is such a poem. Between his masterpieces. However, Tennyson does more frequently and figuratively. Browning has given his original style of creative poetry.

  Ø He appears to be a real artist and in this respect, he is more interesting than Tennyson.

  Ø Browning is also negligible in terms of sweetness and uniqueness. He often sacrifices the melody for his thoughts. This paper attempts to explore the similarities.

  Ø Difference between two great poets. It sheds light on the Victorian era, their historical historiography, sense of patriotism, clarity, exclusivity, art, music and melody in their writing.

Thinking Activity on John Keats

Hello readers,

Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University English Department of  Prof. Heenaba Zala gave to Students by blog task the Prepare a blog on the Thinking Activity on John Keats: Finding out approaches to Death in Literature. Death, the ultimate reality. People normally don't want to talk about death. They cannot accept it. But writers have some special kind of fascination towards death. Death is always the beloved topic of all writers however their approach to death differ. John Keats in his Ode to Nightingale writes 'half in love with ' and wants to die at midnight with 'easeful' death. One example from Keats is given. Students are supposed to find out how Death is generally dealt with by other writers in literature

In the above poem, it is stated that ‘Death is Nothing at All’ by Henry Scott Holland is a six-piece poem, divided into columns of different lengths. The most unusual verse is the one that comes at the end. It extends into two more sentence-like sentences completing the poem. The poet chooses to speak his main character through a first-person, all-knowing, story perspective in an attempt to make the poem and its message more personal. The perspective allows the reader to look more closely, and to feel more invested in the speaker. Situation. Maybe it will allow the reader to apply the poet's words to their lives. "Death is nothing. It doesn't count. I just slip into the front room. Nothing happened, nothing left like it was me, and you are, and we are. The life we ​​live together in love is untouched, unchanged, whatever we were with each other, it is still there. Call me by an old familiar name. Don't make any difference to your tone, any compelling air of pride or distress. Always laugh at the jokes we have together. Smile, smile, think about me, pray for me. Let my name be a household word as usual. Without effort, without the ghost of the shadow, speak on it. Life is what it is meant to be. It is what it was. What's the point? Why should I care if I'm not out of sight? Wait for the interval, somewhere very close, just around the corner. Everything is fine. Nothing does harm; nothing is lost a moment and before. It will be like. How can we laugh at the difficulty of sharing when we meet again! "

Henry Scott Holland is told by a speaker who is dying and trying to relieve the misery of those who left him behind.

The poem begins with the speaker saying that death does not mean anything. There is no real separation between the deceased and those left behind. It becomes clear that the speaker is, in fact, dead and he is using this poem to tell a particular person who is missing, he / she should not be. They are still the same as each other as before. Nothing has changed in their relationships or the memories they shared.

The concluding speaker of the poem told his listeners that when the time came, he would wait for him to meet the other side and they would be with Christ. Then everyone will be happy and at peace.

Thank you...

Thinking activity:(Post-Structuralism) Derrida & Deconstruction

Hello readers,

Maharaja Krishnakumar Singhji Bhavnagar University, Head of English Department Dr. Dilip Barad gave this work to students through blogs - Work: What do you understand by 'Deconstruction'?  Read an ad or TV serial or Film or literary text as a post-structuralist critic. Be brief, precise and to the point. Post your response on your blog and share the link of the blog.

Derrida & Deconstruction:

The form of philosophical and literary analysis, deconstruction, was derived mainly from work initiated by the French philosopher Jack Derrida in the 1960s, which questions fundamental ideological distinctions or "contradictions" in Western philosophy through a closer examination of philosophical language and logic. It designates a series of radical theoretical enterprises more clearly in various fields of humanities and social sciences, in addition to philosophy, philosophy, and literature - law, psychoanalysis, architecture, ethnography, science, theology, feminism, gay and lesbian studies, political theory, political theory. And film theory. In moral discussions about intellectual attitudes in the late 20th century, deconstruction was sometimes used appropriately to suggest conclusions and pointless skepticism. In popular usage, the term has come to mean the consideration of tradition and the crucial reconciliation of traditional practices. Deconstruction is not a destructive activity, but it is a basic test of everything. Critics of the composition go to the bottom of the text and then try to undermine it. Derrida says that every text has an element that can deconstruct itself. According to Derrida, "every text read as events and events can be read from a different perspective." Jack Derrida was an Algerian-born French philosopher known for developing a form of semiotic analysis called deconstruction. He is one of the main figures associated with post-structuralism and postmodern philosophy.

The respected Prime Minister recently spoke with the students of the school. The third edition of the "Examination Pay Church" was held on January 20 at Takatora Indoor Stadium, Delhi. During this session, Prime Minister Narendra Modi addressed an audience of over 2000 students and teachers. He gave a lot of good talk about the exam, in which he did not need to be disappointed if he failed in the exam. Here, we can say that the formula is deconstructed because Derrida says you should read any event or text from another perspective. Here, we can say that the formula is deconstructed because Derrida says you should read any event or text from another perspective. 

Here on the banner above we can see that the students of the school are talking that not only do the things well but they do not talk about the results, it seems that we are not concerned with the results, but only the voice. November 22, 2013 to 31 Until December 2020, after Narendra Modi's government, job creation has been the government's biggest failure. Data from the Labor Bureau show that employment generation may be the lowest in eight years.

Unemployment related video

 

Binary opposition is a pair of related terms or concepts that are opposite in meaning. Binary opposition is the system by which, in language and thought, two theoretical opposites are strictly defined and set off against one another. After the above example, we also take one more example of deconstruction with the theory of Binary opposition.

We do an ad inspection here and find that many people meet while working alone down the road. It helps, the water is falling from the house and gives a good message to the community there, providing physical support to the people selling the road, financing the beggars. The old man feeds the old man, gives the dog all of his lunch, which he sees around the shop, and others criticize him for help, but it's time to grow up on the plant, the poor daughter who helped him to school. It is good that the shopkeeper also feels good towards him, and his critics are also proud of him and feel old and happy, even the dog goes with it. Is. So by a shallow observation, we cannot find this kind of thing from this ad but after looking at the various aspects we can find out how problematic this ad is. Indirectly, it makes fun of people who are not helping.

How JNU is breaking the myth of the "tukde-tukde" gang through dissent The fact is that the government's efforts directed at crushing the student's movement by brute force have only ended up especially by shocking or exciting them in some way the whole nation to take part in the movement."Tukde-tukde gang" is a term often used to attack Right-Wing Left-backed groups and their supporters. The 'Tukde-Tukde Gang' was coined after allegedly raising anti-national slogans at an event at Delhi's Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU). During that time a sedition case was filed against Kanhaiya Kumar, the head of JNU Students Union, who organized the event.

Patriarchal society, construct mindset, rigidity, the quest for the existence of god in humans. Apart from Manusmriti, the woman who worships her husband explicitly claims that the woman is the foundation of an ideal and prosperous social building. The clan in which the feminine worship is received, the divine seed and the offspring are attained in that clan. And in a clan where women are not welcome, all actions will fail. Women do not praise or flatter women, but the truth is promised. There is a bitter truth to those who criticize women, defame women and make women look down. But to regard women as motherhood is like sweet nectar to those who respect them.


Thank you...

Indian Poetics: Prof. Vinod Joshi's expert lectures

Hello friends,

Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University, the head of the Department of English, Dr. Dilip Barad gave this work to students through blogs - Task: Your task is to summarize Prof. Vinod Joshi's lectures on Indian Poetry. Use study materials to write in the English language. You can also, write some parts of your blog in the Gujarati / Hindi language.

v Fist day (03-12-2019)

         [Flower welcome by Tamsa Pandya & Greeting Card By Dharti Makwana] 

INDIAN POETICS AND THE STUDY OF STYLE

Different Schools of India n Poetics :

On the very first day Dr. Joshi talked about Bhasha (language), and Indian Criticism.

What is Indian criticism? How it is different from western criticism.Western Criticism focuses on the function, while Indian Criticism focuses on the process.

 Western Criticism = Function

 Indian Criticism = Process

Vinod Joshi talks about the invention of Indian Poetics with the clarity of the power of an imaginary moment. His talk has important sayings and things that matter. Poetic s deals with the theory of literature. Indian Poetic evolved out of dramaturgy. Bharat' s Natyasastr an Is the earliest known treatise on Poetics and dramaturgy. Many scholars have contributed d rich literature on Poetics in classical Sanskrit. Bharat's Natyasastr mentions four Bhasamuni, a prominent Ras school, introduced Ras Ras in his theater, which was used as a basis for literary theory through fifteen hundred years of Sanskrit literary thought. In later years, whether it was Abinavagupta, Mammata or Vishwanath, discussing poetry and literature, they essentially turned to Bharat's works as the polar star of Indian aesthetics. In the Western world, critics such as Plato, Aristotle, and others have provided many theories of literature. But Indian poetry was created long before this. There are also several touchstones for analysis.  In later poetic theories, dramaturgy is taken as a part of the discipline of poetics and drama is considered as a species of poetry. Thus In later writers, the school of dramaturgy had an existence separated from the school of poetics But we can say that Bharat'sNatyasastra has remained a source of inspiration for later writers on poetics.

"The purpose of expressing through language is to convey meaning. The spirit reaches through language. Is for validation of ideas."

''विभवानु भव व्यभिचारी संयोगात् रस निष्पत्ति।''

  v વિભાવ

  v અનુભાવ

  v સંચારી ભાવસંયોગ

·  

        વિભાવ: (અલંગન્ભાવ+ઉદિપન) જેના આધારે રસની નિષ્પત્તિ થાય છે ગુજરાત વ્યક્તિ વચ્ચેનો અનુરાગ અને પ્રકૃતિ (પાત્રો) "બે મુખ્ય વિભાગ" આલંબન વિભાવ ઉદ્દીપન થાય.

  અનુભાવ:(પ્રતિક્રિયા) (reaction) "દુષ્યન્તને શકુન્તલાની સામે જોવું શકુન્તલાનું શરમાવું(પ્રતિક્રિયા)''

   સંચારિ ભાવ:  અસ્થાયી ભાવો ( temporary emotions) ''ક્રોધ ,પ્રેમ, ઉત્તેજના, આનંદ''

     સંયોગ: સંયોજન સાહિત્યના મર્મના સહયોગથી આવે એના પરથી રસની નિષ્પત્તિ થાય.

Ø (આ ચારનો સુભગસમન્વય એટલે રસ -ભારતમુનિ)

  Second day (04-12-19)

   સ્થાયીભાવ

• 1.     રતી / શૃંગારિકરસ
  2.     શોક /કરુણરસ
  3.     વીર /ઉત્સાહરસ
  4.     ક્રોધ /રોદ્રરસ
  5.     હાસ્ય /હાસ્યરસ
  6.     ભય /ભયાનકરસ
  7.      જુગુપ્સા /બિભસ્તરસ
  8.     વિસ્મય /અદભુતરસ
  9.     શમા /નિર્વેદ /શાંતરસ

 श्रृंगारकरूणवीररौद्रहास्यभयानका।
 बीभत्साद्भूतशांतश्च नवनाट्येरसास्मृता।।
 - भरतः नाट्यशास्त्र

1). ભટ્ટ લોલ્લટ : કવિ આવું કહે છેકે નાટકમાં રસ હોતો નથી પણ તેને ઉત્પન્ન કરવો પડે છે. પ્રથમ અનુભવ નાયક અને નાયિકા અનુંભાવે. કલાકાર દ્વારા રસ ઉત્પન્ન કરવાનો પ્રયાસ કરે છે.

2).શ્રીશંકુક - ચાર પ્રકરની પ્રતીતિઓ દ્વારા રસ અનુમાન કરવાની એટલેકે ધારણા બંધાવાની વાત કરે છે

       i.            યથાર્થ પ્રતીતિ,

    ii.            મિથ્યા પ્રતીતિ

 iii.            સંશય પ્રતીતિ

  iv.            સાદ્રશ્ય પ્રતીતિ

૩).ભટ્ટનાયક -  તેમણે ભક્તિવાદની વાત કરેલી પ્રક્ષકો અને કલાકારો, બંને ભાવનુભાવમાં ભક્તિવાદ નો રસ ઉત્પન થાય છે

4). અભિનવગુપ્ત – પ્રકાશ ,જ્ઞાન ,આનંદ, ની અનુભૂતિ કરવાની વાત કરે છે

  v Third day(05-12-2019)

  ધ્વનીભાગ/ ધ્વનિ સંપ્રદાય

       A.    ભાવ નો અનુભવ નિતાંત નિરપેક્ષ છે.

      B.    પ્રકાશાનંદમય જ્ઞાનની વિશ્રાંતિ

      C.    ભાષા નિત્યનુતન રચાતી આવતી હોય છે.

      D.   ભાષા ઉપકરણ માત્ર છે.

      E.     શબ્દ શબ્દ છે, શબ્દ ધ્વનિ છે એ શબ્દ સ્ફોટ કરે છે.

આનંદ વર્ધને ધ્વન્યાલોકની સ્થાપના કરી હતી. તેઓ એક વિવેચક હતા અને તેમણે કલાના સ્પર્શથી ભાષા સ્વચ્છતાનો સિદ્ધાંત આપ્યો. ધ્વનિ સંસદમાં ત્રણ મુખ્ય શબ્દો સંપાદિત કરવા માટે વપરાય છે: જે મમટ દ્વારા કાવ્ય પ્રકાશમાં લખાયેલું છે

  §  અભિધા:-એટલે કે કાવ્યમાં કોય શબ્દમાં સીધીજ અર્થ લઇ શકાય.

  §લક્ષ્ના:- એટલેકે કાવ્યમાં કોય શબ્દનો સીધો અર્થ ન મળે ત્યારે.

  § વ્યંજન:- એટલે કે કાવ્યમાં કોય શબ્દનો સીધો અર્થ ન મળે ત્યારે નજીક       નો  અર્થ લેવો.  

Example:

મીઠાં મધું ને મીઠાં મેહુલા રે લોલ,

એથી મીઠી તે મોરી માત રે.

  v Forth & Fifth day (6,7-12-2019)

વાણી અને અર્થ છૂટા પાડનાર - ભવભૂતિ

વાણી અને અર્થ ભેગા કરનાર - કાલિદાસ

 (1) લૌકિક ધ્વનિ

       I.            વસ્તુ ધ્વનિ:- વિચાર મુખ્ય હોય છે.

     II.            અલંકાર ધ્વનિ:-જો કોઈને કોઈ અલંકાર નો ઉપયોગ કરવામાં આવે છે.

(2) અલૌકિક ધ્વનિ

       I.            રસ ધ્વનિ:-જેમાં કેન્દ્ર સ્થાનમાં રાખવામાં આવે છે.

વસ્તુ ધ્વનિ અવિચિત્ર છે.

અલંકાર ધ્વનિ વિચિત્ર છે.

રસ ધ્વનિ અલૌકિક છે.

1.     Dhvani iti dhvani

2.     Dhvanyate iti dhvani

The first is ‘dhvani iti dhvani’ , that which sounds or reverberates or implies is dhvani. The second is ‘dhvanyate iti dhvani’ or dhvani is what is sounded or reverberated or implied.  acharya kuntak discovered vakrokti alankar  in his work vakrokti . We are trying to tune with the universe in this cosmic world. Sir also informed that it is only new criticism which we are studying now. Kuntakawas a Sanskrit poetics and literary theorist who is remembered for his work Vakroktijīvitam in which he postulates the Vakrokti Siddhānta or theory of Oblique Expression, which he considers as the hallmark of all creative literature. This image is showing types of Vakrokti and each type consists of its own value in the poem.

જે કુદરતમાં છે એ જ કલામાં છે.

    "વક્રોક્તિ- કૃતંક"

शब्दार्थों सहितो काव्यम वक्र कवि व्यापार शालिनी।

बन्धे व्यवस्थिता काव्य तद्दिधदालहादकारी धारीणी।।

• શબ્દ અને અર્થને કેન્દ્રમાં જ રાખ્યા.સાહિત્યનો હેતુ સૌંદર્ય અનુભવવાનું છે. શબ્દ અને અર્થ દ્વારા જ વક્રોક્તિ જન્મ આપે છે.

• "વળાંક જ સુંદર હોય છે સાહિત્યનું હેતુ સૌંદર્યનો અનૂભવ કરવાનું છે"

• "વક્ર- વાકુ"

• શબ્દ અને અર્થ દ્વારા કાઢીને સુંદરીને પામવાનું હોય છે લેંગ્વેજ સાથે રમે છે ભાષા પર આક્રમણ કરે છે આત્મ સુંવાદ દ્વારા પૂરેપૂરી સમજવાની કોશિશ કરે છે.
• દિવસની શરૂઆત શેક્સપિયરની ત્રણ એકમોના ખૂબ ટૂંકા પરિચયથી કરી. જે સમય અને ક્રિયા છે, ત્રણ એકતા શુદ્ધ સૌંદર્યલક્ષી ભાવનાને સમજવામાં મદદ કરી રહી છે.કોઈપણ સાહિત્યમાં સૌંદર્ય શાસ્ત્ર આકર્ષિત કરે છે અને ગ્લેમર ઉત્પન્ન કરે છે.

·       "વક્રતા"

     1.     વર્ણ વિન્યાસ વક્રતા
     2.     પદ પૂર્વધ વક્રતા
     3.     પદ પરાર્ધ વક્રતા
     4.     વાક્ય વક્રતા
     5.     પ્રકરણ વક્રતા
     6.     પ્રબંધ વક્રતા

     1.     વર્ણ વિન્યાસ વક્રતા:-અક્ષર અક્ષરોને જોડવા સૌંદર્ય પ્રગટ કરવા માટે તથા વર્ણો ના સમનવય થી નીપજતું સૌંદર્ય.

     2.     પદ પૂર્વધ વક્રતા:-પદની પહેલાં નું પદ ઉદાહરણ તરીકે, "તમે ટહુક્યા ને આભ મને ઓછું પડ્યુ'' જે કંઈમળ્યું છે એ જ મળ્યું ન ગણાય એ પણ મળ્યું કઈ પણ મળ્યું નહીં.ખાલી ગ્લાસ રિક્તતા થી ભરેલો છે.


3.     પદ પરાર્ધ વક્રતા:-પદ પછી આવતું પદ ઉદાહરણ તરીકે,"ગઢને હોંકારો તો કાંગરાય દેશે પણ ગઢમાં હોંકારો કોણ દેશે."

4.     વાક્ય વક્રતા:- એક વાક્ય જે ન્યાય રૂપ બની શકે ."મેરે પાસ મા હૈ (દીવાર)"

5.     પ્રકરણ વક્રતા:-કોઈ એક પ્રકરણ પર લખાતું સાહિત્ય.ઉદાહરણ તરીકે"સૈરેંદ્રી"

6.     પ્રબંધ વક્રતા:-   આખાય પ્રબંધ નો લક્ષ સૂચવે ઉદાહરણ તરીકે

"મહાભારત અસત્યનો સત્ય પર વિજય સૂચવે છે"

પ્રાસાદ: બોલીને સમજાય સરળ હોય.

ઓજસ: તેજીલી તોખરી ભાષા તર્ક રહેલો હોય.

માધુરી: શ્રુતિ રમ્ય હોય , મધુરતા હોય.

  v Sixth day(08-12-2019)

“અલંકાર”

અલંકાર એટલે અલંકારો. તે કલાત્મક શણગાર તરીકે પણ જોઇ શકાય છે. ભમ્હે અલંકારશાસ્ત્ર ગ્રંથસ્થળ અંકર વિશે વિસ્તૃત વર્ણનાત્મક વર્ણનો છે. અલંકાર અને ભાષાએ બે વાર લાગુ કર્યું છે કુદરતી કુદરતી જન્મજાત નહીં. "ક્યારેક અલંકાર વાળુ ક્યારેક અલંકાર વગર નું કાવ્ય કયો અલંકાર ક્યાં વપરાય તે માટેનું સ્થાન મુક્તક યોગ્ય સ્થળે વપરાય અર્થ મળે છે અર્થ સ્થાને વપરાયેલો અલંકાર સૌંદર્યમાં વધારો કરે છે.' દમયંતી નું મુખ ચંદ્ર જેવું છે. એ અલંકાર થી ભરેલ વાક્ય છે. અલંકાર હંમેશા શબરો સાથે ઓતપ્રોત હોવો જોઈએ, અડોઅડ નહિ. કાવ્યમાં અલંકાર હોય પણ ક્યારેક ના હોય તો પણ ચાલે. સરલ અલંકાર, નિરલંકાર જેવા પ્રકારો ભામહે આપ્યા છે.

“રીતી- શૈલી”

"રજૂઆત કરવાની રીત"

"શૈલી વ્યક્તિત્વ છે"

કાલિદાસ વૈદર્ભી શૈલી

પાંચાલી શૈલી

ગૌડી શૈલી

લાટ શૈલી.

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