Existentialism: Flipped Learning:

 

This blog is part of a flip learning activity in which our job is to watch videos about existentialism and write what you understand. Here, click the link to the teacher's blog

Video1), existentialism begins with the philosophical thinking of the individual. Thinking about personality, passion and freedom remain at the center. By staying away from the crowd we will be able to gain more understanding about it. A conjecture in God is not the answer to conflict. One should have an understanding of absurdity. Themes such as death, despair, absurdity, and suicide make this theory even more compelling.

 

Video2), People often think about suicide because they have no meaning in life. In his opinion, life is absurd. And this is what Camus calls the philosophical problem. But the longing for death is not the answer. One must look to hope as existence. Moreover, he responds that what he suggests is a source of change.

 

Video3), The concept of philosophical suicide. The video talked about philosophical suicide and the problem comes out of a complete absence of hope, constant rejection, and conscious dissatisfaction. This method saved people from an absurd life.

 

Video4), A creative change is always necessary. Dadaism was an art movement. It was all against the war. Most of the time old values create chaos in society. It was a great movement to be free from the obstacles. today is I question like who you are and what others are imposed value of which others are created for you, today is a means one should have free of everything in own value making out of a Venturi free from all traditions of values.

 

video5), Existentialism works on the idea of what gives us ultimate happiness and gets free from all negative thoughts life + anxiety it means that life in the very idea of God and start believing in truth what is the only truth for you is a kind of happiness existentialism asks.

 

video6), The philosophical subject can be protected as an attempt to promote subjectivity. Nihilism is the highest value and can evaluate itself and give all the fights to evaluate the values. Nihilism is a concept of passive acceptance of life, also giving a new notion of the responsibility to fight the suicide call rebellion.

 

video7), It is not a philosophical system or a set of principles. But it is a movement that gives meaning to absurd life. In existentialism, there were questions like the problem of life as a human being. What is the human condition? It places more emphasis on the human perspective than the divine perspective. And yes there is a difference between nihilism and existentialism. Because nihilism is nothing where existentialism is to create something by accepting the fact of life.

 

video 8), Nobody likes rules. According to Nietzsche why one behaves in certain ways? There is no need to believe in these rules. Because we can make our own rules. For that, he gives the example of Ubermensch. Whatever you want you can do it freely. Just get out from the chain. And whatever you want to do,  Do it on your own.

 

Video 9), I like it the most. Because it helps a lot in developing the personality of existentialists. It makes us a broad thinker. We see life as a practical thing. We feel uncontrollable.

 

Video10). only we can give a reason for your choice or we can say that there is no reason for the choice is just a choice. There is no meaning in life but the meaning is given by us to our life.

Thinking Activity: Imaginary Homelands: Selected Essays: Salman Rushdi

 

we had concluding session on the paper of Postcolonial Studies in which Balaji sir talked on 'Imaginary Homeland by Salman Rushdie and couple of essays like: ' Attenborough's Gandhi', New Empire within Britain and Commonwealth Literature doesn't exit'.

Diaspora is in wide term:

It is a constitutes of diasporic experience of course diaspora is used in a very wide sense now. It is what  something called indentured labor. So there was  individuals forced in the sense agreements and signed with migrant situation, which suppose to  be democratic but that's how it was the ties for people who signed agreements to work in the colonies in Philippines and Malaysia( Example)

 

When we talking about the diaspora there is always a degree of conflict in world with diaspora it has to do with the idea of memory and it the memory something with the desire which we had left. Desire because in which terms and conditions where you had left your mother country and you are come to  host country.  the process there is this called a shift of memory.

 First, sir gave the definition of the title Imaginary Homeland in a wonderful way with various examples. Obviously, some may have question that homeland can also be imaginary? Indeed, homeland can also be imaginary if we see the history of Palestine that the people of Palestine had their land and property in their homeland before the arrival of Jews from the Europa due to the Hitler's tornado on Jew people. After the arrival of Jews, Palestine turned into Israel a new state by the politics of Western countries especially America who have majority of Jews. So, Palestinian starting immigration from their homeland because of the forcefully occupation and shift in near Islamic countries, so they imagine their homeland which is not to be happened and the result we can see right now after the 70th years of occupation, Palestinian have not get their homeland back, sir also connected it with Kashmir issue.

 

Secondly, sir talked about the new empire within Britain in which sir talked about the different views of Britain on Asian countries and African countries that they believe Asian as hardworking and African they look their race. Furthermore, Balaji sir shared his personal experience to convey this ideas that western countries don't allow our behaviour and day today's life of Asian they don't like that 'other' grab any kind of position in their land. So, the higher education is very costly in western countries and half of educated peoples from India or Africa working at very cheap place like swiper or in cleaning in restaurant.

 

Moreover, sir talked little bit about the Commonwealth Literature in which sir explained Commonwealth definition very easily that after the colonization, Britain's empire decided to make relation with colonized countries in the exchange of goods and so on. But Rushdie said that Commonwealth literature doesn't exist like other things.

 

Sunday Reading: EcoCriticism

 

 

Dewang Nanavati (Dewang Nanavati is analumnus of the English Department, Maharaja Krishnakumar Singhji is also aBhavnagar University and Gold Medalist). He is a Ph.D. A scholar from MSUniversity Baroda. He is a translator of poems and short stories.) Discussed the biological thinking and explained the very wonderful poem of Yashchandra's poem "Three times again". It was a very informative session, with a lot of references to current environmental issues and a brief discussion on the topic. Combining ecocritics with cultural and mythological aspects such as chemistry, the Mahabharata, and the Gita context, we all know that natural trees are an indispensable part of human life, so its destruction will be considered an environmental problem that assumes an important dimension of nature. There is a scientific understanding of the importance of preserving the tree, before we move on to the next thing we get a general concept of eco-criticism.

The Marxist philosopher Theodore Orno describes Martin Heidegger as the "stigma of authenticity", which is found in many creatures. That prevention, which is an indifferent and politically skeptical advocate of ‘residence’, has not served to separate environmental ideals from nationalist aspirations for political rights. I argue for ecocriticism that is conscious of the global dimensions of the ecological crisis and its connections with ongoing forms of colonial power. In addition, I want to show that the narrow morality of residence should not be promoted by the ecosystem, but by the more elaborate, indeed postcolonial, connections found in King Shehdeh's Palestinian Vox (2008). Nineteenth-century standing verses about indigenous peoples have received a relatively low critique analysis; What is there has always been negative, complicating it in the evils of colonization. This essay shows that the standing poets were able to compose powerful poems designed to record the reader's sympathy for the plight of the indigenous people as a representation of political action aimed at enhancing their status. The essay notes three "crying mothers" poems from the 1830s, which puts them in controversial, high-charged discussions about their race, morals, and national goals.

As a historical work, Henry Handel is embedded in Richardson's Triangle, Richard Mahoney's Fortune, requesting, constructing and disseminating cultural memory. Describing Peter Burke's discussion of social role as an 'arrangement of the past in the present', this reading of the Australian text points to the need for active reconnection with the historical context in order to bring out the suppressed or neglected descriptions. Which resist or intersect insecurely with subsequent audience assumptions about the past. In the reading of the trilogy presented here the cultural texts - which examine both the triangular and the texts of that defined period - allow us to understand the role of Chinese immigrants in the white Australian Australian descriptive composition of the settlement. Although the apparent presence of the Chinese in the trilogy is negligible, this reading suggests that discussions about their presence for white immigrants, especially when viewed by applause theory and the cultural status of white women, are central to understanding Richardson's portrayal of Richard Mahoney. A white immigrant who fails to adjust to settled life in Australia. The reference to the historical circumstances through Chinese references in Richardson's trilogy sheds new light on the instability of Mahoney's identity with Australia, which is often read as congenital in Mahoney alone, rather than in the white and historical and cultural context. Nineteenth-century Australia settled in Australia

ThinkAct: To The Lighthouse

 

1. How can you explain that 'what' Virginia Woolf wanted to say (for example, the complexity of human relationship, the everyday battles that people are at in their relationship with near and dear ones, the struggle of a female artist against the values of middle/upper class society etc) can only be said in the way she has said? 

 

   It seems an exquisite representation of the all characters. Some how it gives the biographical images of the writer. We might be feel that she writes this novel to her parents.  After reading about her we find that she had all the facilities but for the basic women rights, she tries to portray the real situation of the   ' Patriarchal ' society. Through the female characters she wants to show that a woman should know the menace of the gilded cage. 

When we see the characters of Mr and Mrs Ramsay that time we realizes the complexity of human relationship, which remains  present even today also in the society. The main difference between this couple is the approach towards the life. The expression of their desires. Through the character of Lily writer tries to show the struggle of a female artist. People like a Transley thinks that women can not paint or write. This thing happens even today also. There are so many fields where women are still not considered as an equal employer, writer, player or artist. 

 

2. Do you agree: "The novel is both the tribute and critique of Mrs. Ramsay"? (Key: Take some clues from the painting of Mrs Ramsay drawn by Lily Briscoe and the article by Andre Viola and Glenn Pedersen. Can we read Mrs. R in context of the idea of Ideal Indian Woman - Karyeshu dasi, Karaneshu manthri; Bhojeshu mata, Shayaneshu rambha; Kshamayeshu dharithri, Roopeshu lakshmi; Satkarma yukta, Kuladharma pathni. )

 

Ans), Yes I agree that the novel is both the tribute and critique Mrs Ramsay. Firstly The definition of an ideal woman given in above link is itself problematic in contemporary times, as every person wants the liberality in his/her life, they don't want to be confines in the control of any institution (But anyhow, they have to be) so the idea of an ideal Women according to Indian mythology given in above link says that a wife must be a good loyal worker just like a maid; a good adviser like a minister of King’s court; a caretaker like a mother; Romantic like Rambha, in bed room; a pardoner just like a goddess of earth; a beautiful like Lakshmi, the goddess of leaning and wife of Brahma; and perfect duty minded one. Now, all the characteristics indicates that a wife must be doing something for others not for herself like she must be a caretaker like a mother who can take cares of of her husband or children, romantic like a Rambha who would satisfy the need of man. in this idea of Women we can't find the free space for a women as the responsibilities has been already give as a boss gives to their paid employs. so we can say that novel is critique of Mrs Ramsay as she seems a traditional housewife whose duty is please other people surrounded by her. I think the tragedy of a traditional Women in modern times has been shown in the delighted character of Mrs Ramsay through the perspective of Lily Briscoe and her painting. In painting Mrs R. is knitting and guiding a child which shows the characteristics ideal housewife. on the other side, the novel is also the tribute to Mrs R. as the unfinished desire to provide cloths, first aid, newspaper (necessity of all an entire human being) to far living people to the lighthouse being fulfilled by her family members, especially by Mr. Ramsay. I this the novel is more critique rather tribute to Mrs Ramsay as it is nowhere indicated or said in the novel that the visit to the Lighthouse is in the memory of Mrs. Ramsay, but it has been tried to convey in more philosophical way. 

 

 

3. Considering symbolically, does the Lighthouse stand for Mrs. Ramsay or the narrator (Virginia Woolf herself who is categorically represented by Lily)? (Key: Take help from the presentation on Symbolism to connect Mrs. Caroline Ramsay with Lighthouse. Secondly, the narrator / author cannot fully disappear from the novel and thus the stoicism of Lily to paint and thus prove that she can paint, is symbolically presented in stoicism of Lighthouse. Read 'lighthouse' symbol from presentation slide with this insight to connect lighthouse with the narrator. Give your concluding remarks in the comment below in this blog )

 

Ans), Mrs. Ramsay can be seen as the lighthouse as the symbol of lighthouse is consider as the strong pillar which bears the pounce from the sea, which is stood in between of the sea and not only suffering from the sea but also shows the way to the wandered people. In the same manner Mrs. Ramsay is also tries to please all the people all the time and still remains objective and having very kind nature. Lily can be also called the lighthouse because throughout the novel she is being irritated by the Tensely(Patriarchy) by such statements like "Women can't write or paint" as the lighthouse also has to suffer many storms into the sea. but ultimately at the last she proves herself by completing her painting that whatever Tensely (society) says about her (Modern Women) she is free from all the stereotypes.

 

4. How do you interpret the last line of the novel (It was done; it was finished.Yes, she thought, laying down her brush in extreme fatigue, I have had my vision.) with reference to the ending of the film (After the final stroke on the canvass with finishing touch, Lily walks inside the house. As she goes ante-chamber, the light and dark shade makes his face play hide-and-seek. She climbs stairs, puts her brush aside, walks through the dark and light to enter her room. Gently closes the door - speaks: "Closed doors, open windows" - lies on the bed and with some sort of satisfaction utters: "Dearest Briscoe, you are a fool".)

 

Ans),Yes, the last line of the novel suggests two things. one is that painting is now completed and another is that she proved herself as an independent women in the modern times just by complete the paint. she does not just paint a picture but that picture is of Mrs. Ramsay, by that painting she would tries to prove that she is not like Mrs. Ramsay who was busy in house keeping which clearly indicate in her painting.

 

7.You have compared the 'beginning' and the 'ending' of the novel and the film adaptation of the novel directed by Colin Gregg. Do you think that the novel is more poignant than the movie? If yes, do you ascribe the fact that the power of words is much greater than that of the screen / visuals?

 

Ans), Yes,  there are a few difference between the novel and a movie. In the movie most of the scene runs faster compared to the novel. The another different is comes in the end. In the novel Lily just puts her brush. While in a movie she goes upstairs and start talking with herself. 

 

   In a movie it becomes little bit difficult to understand. Whereas the technique, parentheses of the novel helps reader in the understanding. 

 

8) How do you interpret the last line of the novel - It was done it was finished

 

These last lines suggested that Briscoe realized that Mrs. Ramsay was not totally wrong. Close the doors but open the windows. Though,she thought marriage is not necessary, marriage and family is important also. In the film before making final stroke she sees Mrs. Ramsay and jams wandering happily in garden. She also might want live that life. So, that can be her vision going inside the room, leaving brush somewhere, and on bed saying Briscoe, you are a fool suggests that Mrs. Ramsay was right. Now she has her vision.

 

 

9.What does the catalog named as 'Army and Navy' signify? What does the cutting of 'Refrigerator'  signify?

Ans), 'Army and navy' catalog signifies a time of war.Mr. Ramsay's bigger son dies in the war. So here the catalog named ' Army and Navy ' represents the war and consumerism. 'Refrigerator' preserve the things as it is Normally we use a refrigerator for keeping the things as it is and here we can find those things in Mrs. Ramsay, she always tries to preserve the refined form of culture as it is her responsibility so we can say she remains as a preserver of the culture like a traditional woman.

 

11- How is India represented in 'To The Lighthouse'?

Ans).   first is for patriarchal rule means the male-dominant countries in which women's role like Mrs. Ramsay as Pure Bharatiya naari. Second is the wealth of India like Gold, Pearl, etc. So many times we hear about the prosperity of India. So most of the time India portrayed as a land of pearls. We can interpret that Augustus Carmichael refers to India as a land of peace. We can connect this thing with T. S. Eliot's  The Waste Land too.

Thinking Activity: E. A. Poe's Short Stories

 

1) Recollect a moment of your life when you were at the height of ferocity(anger) on someone with/without some specific reason. What did you feel like speaking to or doing with that person?

 

Ans. There are many moments in my life in which I got anger when my friends do note take me serious in any kind of serious matter. But, One moment that I want to forget it is when I was in second year of my B.A then a boy abused me in front of girls that time the height of my anger was very much and I also abused him at a time but after that I felt very ashamed because some girls in that group were my friends so they did not know about my that kind of language.

 

2) Have you ever felt tremendous drive to hit or murder someone? When? Why? How? Elucidate.

Ans. I never felt that kind of anger that I would kill someone.

 

3) Have you ever felt like committing suicide? Was it just a passing thought or you were serious? What propelled you to think so? Describe your experience (although momentary) of suicidal tendency.

 

Ans. No, I am very strongly believer in the God and Religion and it is forbidden in my religion to commit suicide or to think on it and I'm very happy with my life.

4) Write about the scariest of your dreams. have you ever cried or screamed by a bizarre and horrible nightmare? Elaborate.

 

Ans. Yes, many times But not cried or screamed but suddenly woke up from sleep. many times I have dreams like that in which I dreamed about some quarrels in which opponents were about to kill me.

 

5) DO you believe in Ghosts? Have you ever undergone any experience of supernatural elements? Explain.

 

Ans. No, I don't believe in Ghosts. I never experienced such things in my life. And this all is illusion nothing else.

Thinking activity Shashi Tharoor and films on colonial history.

 

The famous and prestigious Sahitya Akademi awards for 2019 are announced. The list of awardees in all languages is attached. The award in the English language category is awarded in the "creative non-fiction" category to Shashi Tharoor's An Era of Darkness.

Dr. Shashi Tharoor is delivering this speech in front of white people in this statement against Oxford Union. Listening sounds really cute. I really appreciate Dr. Clutter Tharoor's views. 'India ruled for the benefit of Britain'. The most surprising thing is that about the common people, Keshi Tharoor has challenged the main story and set a modern point of view in his arguments. The main thrust of Dr. Tharoor's speech was about the economic toll that British rule took on India. "India's share of the world economy when Britain arrived was 23 percent. By the time the British left it down to four percent. Why? Simply because India had been governed for the benefit of Britain. Britain's rise for 200 years was financed by its depredations in India. " "In fact, Britain's industrial revolution was actually premised upon the de-industrialization of India." Why? Simply because India was governed for the benefit of Britain. Britain's rise for 200 years was financed by its depredations in India. In fact, Britain's industrial revolution was actually premised upon the de-industrialization of India. By the time the British left it was down to 4 percent.

Dr. Tharoor delivered a talk entitled 'Return to British rule in India' and discussed how the British king shaped the narrative around Indo-UK relations. The former diplomat, who is currently serving as a member of the Indian Parliament, was discussing relations between the two countries at the university's McEwan Hall on Monday, October 2 - Mahatma Gandhi's birthday. Tyranny and violent nature were made clear. The point of departure for this lecture was the beginning of British colonialism in the subcontinent of South Asia. Tharoor described Britain's arrival in India as crucial for the successful establishment of the Raj and then clarified the early stage of economic exploitation. The British not only raised tariffs on Indian textiles but literally cut the weaver's toes as a means of destroying the Indian textile industry. Prior to British rule, Tharoor argued that the continent had a thriving economy based on the production of high-quality textiles demanded by the Roman Empire, a durable wooden ship that lasted three times longer than British ships, and was an innovative method of steelmaking. General Chat Lounge Tharoor's argument was that before 200 years of colonial exploitation, India was 23 percent of global GDP, but in 1947 it was one of the poorest countries in the world. In simple terms, the British made India poor. This lecture was an attachment to Tharoor's new book, English Empire: Year 2 What. The book was a companion to the English Empire: What the British Did Did to India (2017), based on their speech in the Oxford Union debate titled 'British News Repairs to Their Ex-Colonies', which went viral.

Dr. Shashi Tharoor has drawn much praise for his spirited argument at the Oxford Union debate, demanding reparation payments by Britain to India for its 200-year colonial rule, which, he said, led to the crumbling of India's economy.

This episode of 'To the Point' features an exclusive interview with Congressman Shashi Tharoor, in which he talks about his new book, Derpana: The British Empire in India.

In the 21st century, India's share of the world's economy was as large as Europe's. By 1947, it had declined sixfold. In the English Empire, Shashi Tharoor tells the real story of the British, the arrival of the East India Company from 1757 to the end of the Raj, and shows how Britain grew on its frustrations in India. India was Britain's largest cash cow, and the Indians literally paid for their own oppression. Britain's Industrial Revolution was founded on the deindustrialization of India and the destruction of its textile industry. Under British rule, millions died of starvation - including 4 million in 1943 alone, after the national hero Churchill turned Bengal's food stock toward war effort. Beyond victory and deception, the empire ousted rebels from cannons, assassinated anti-weapon protesters and entered institutional racism. British imperialism regarded itself as a proletarian democracy for the benefit of governance. The arguments for the Tharoor Empire go ahead and show how every supposed royal 'gift' from the railway to the rule of law was made in the interest of Britain alone. This misunderstood reappraisal of colonialism reveals the devastating impact of the illusory reality of Britain's stained Indian heritage.

"Listening to Tharoor is addictive, and his book, born of his speech in the Oxford Union which went viral, is just as charming. Tharoor eagerly echoes why the British Raj should never be proud or confused as a gift to India, and its settlers. Exposes devastating rape on India by "" ferocious and shocking. Essential to Britain lost to Sepia's fantasies about her past, the English Empire is the history of its clearest and best cuts. "Tharoor is sure to break some of the more myths about the mission of Britain's supposed culture in India ... He has charted the destruction of the pre-colonial system through the books of the British Government and their ubiquitous ledgers and rules. "Tharoor's book - the controversy of the 2015 controversial Oxford settlement in which he proposed" revenge for Britain's former colonies "- should set fire to both India and Britain ... it makes sense. Case, saying examples. '

Sunday Reading: Rivers and Tides

 

Andy Goldsworthy Working With Time is the most spiritually literate documentary you will see this year. It won the Golden Gate Award Grand Prize for Best Documentary at the 2003 San Francisco International Film Festival. The DVD includes a gallery of images so you can see again the sculptures that caught your eye; and filmography of German director, cinematographer, and editor Thomas Riedelsheimer; and a brief biography of Andy Goldsworthy which lists his books. This extraordinary documentary will enchant you in many ways with its startling images, its exotic music by Fred Frith, and its ability to stimulate your inner artist, who will likely begin dreaming up creative projects to do with all the materials at hand around your own place.

 

"Art for me is a form of nourishment," Goldsworthy says, and we see what he means as he begins to assemble his earthwork arrangements. Arriving for a new commission in Nova Scotia, he has only a little time to familiarize himself with the seaside terrain. Still, he establishes a camaraderie with the natural world: "I've shook hands with the place," he declares as he begins to work on an icicle sculpture that fits perfectly with the chilly and desolate milieu. Goldsworthy respects the processes of life and death reflected in nature. As the sun illuminates the finished sculpture, he notes, "The very thing that brought it to life, will bring about its death." This is only one of the many spiritual insights emerging from his art

 

 

Goldsworthy is also a practitioner of what Albert Schweitzer called "reverence for life." He salutes the individuality of stones and muses over the memories they carry of the things they have seen and the changes they have experienced. He relishes the particularity of place and the deep resonances that a certain milieu can have with our souls. And last but not least, Goldsworthy is a connoisseur of mystery. He is not frightened of death or the destruction of things. He accepts that everything is ephemeral and subject to the ravages of time. Day by day, he plunges into new marvels and stays with the present moment which is unrepeatable and precious. Just like this extraordinary documentary.

Thinking Activity- 'Orientalism' byEdward Said

 

                 What is Orientalism:

                                 As per Said's words. Orientalism is not imagined it is a material thing and genuine theory. Orientalism has revolutionized the study of the Middle East and also useful to studies post-colonialism and other disciplines like History, Anthropology, Political science, and Cultural studies.

 

·                                    Tries  to give the real history :

 

        When we read the introduction at that time we find that he felt dislike about the representation of Arab and from that he got inspired to write real history. Because Arabs were represented as rigid people. But by giving the example of the Arab-Israeli war of 1973 he has tried to prove his point. And another thing is how the outer person's notion remains wrong about his own land that he tries to convince by giving the references of Ang and Gerome.

 

·                                     Predictable :

 

      In this context, we can say that how western countries see the middle east. They have already been conceived their mindset by describing the east as a terrorist group.

 

·                                   Imperialism and policy

Edward Said explained vivid objectives & policies of America, Europe, and France country in front of their Community. He added that the French didn't give rights of citizens like Spaniard invaded the new world but its opposite side Nepolian invaded Egypt for the survey of Egypt while Europe created a new world looking through policy.

Movie Screening: To The Lighthouse

 

To The Lighthouse

To lighthouses in the twentieth century, which are external indicators of internal realities, stimulating different experiences and sensations, are representative of the modern novel. The Lighthouse is a masterpiece by Virginia Woolf that has a significant place in modern times and radically replaces the traditional novel. Helps the lighthouse understand the aspect of reality and the reality of the wolf. In the novel, a basic vision of reality based on private experience, the flow of consciousness, thoughts, and feelings. Moreover, the reality is one of the most important issues in modern literature and in previous literature. Virginia Woolf thinks she should properly create a kind of new novel for a new period because she wants to get rid of both the traditional narrative and the general style in the previous literature.

That sounds like an excellent representation of all the characters. Somehow it gives images of the author’s biography. We think he wrote this novel to his parents. We find her to have all the facilities but for basic women's rights, she tries to portray the real situation of 'patriarchal' society. Through female characters, he wants to show that a woman should know the dangers of gilded cages. When we look at the characters of Mr. and Mrs. Ramsay at that time we feel the complexity of the human relationship, which is still present in society today. The main difference between the couple is their approach to life. Expression of their desires. Virginia Woolf used this technique to prove that women also can write and paint better than men. So, she used the stream of consciousness technique 3rd person narrative to move from one to another character's mind. With the help of this technique, the narrator shows us the inner flow of thoughts walking in the mind of the character for instance the(James' thought). So, we can come to know about the inner and outer relationship of characters with each other.

v                             The novel is both a tribute and a critique of Mrs. Ramsay. Throughout the novel, it stays in the center. Here the author shows her as an “ideal” woman. Who is always engaged in the fulfillment of another? He tries to make his daughters like him. "They have to keep the windows open and keep the doors closed." And we think Prudies because of childbirth. So for the most part it remains secondary to men. Which raises the question of freedom. Mostly Lily argues with him. But even after his death, he remains present in every matter. Which brings his character to life.

v                                       In the present novel, Woolf used two myths one is the Pagan myth in which, Woolf connected Mrs. Ramsay with Rhea who had similar numbers of children like Mrs. Ramsay and also a well-nurtured woman and with Demeter an important characteristic of Mrs. Ramsay in her Demeter aspect is her complete femininity as Demeter was worshiped more by men than women like Ramsay who respected more men than women and also Demeter was known as the maker of the earth fruitful while Mrs. Ramsay also a maker of a Fruitful family. Another myth is the myth of Oedipus. We can see the aspect of the myth between Mrs. Ramsay and James, James hates his father because he does not want his mother to love his father.

Thinking Activity on The Scarlet Letter

 

Ever since Descartes, Western philosophy has been bedeviled by two related philosophical problems that are both forms of skepticism. The first is labeled 'skepticism about the external world' and is based on the belief that we have immediate access only to the contents of our own minds or consciousness. The problem with this view is that we ordinarily believe in the existence of objects external to our minds, like the computer on which I am typing this sentence. The point is, if we have immediate access only to the contents of our own minds, as this view requires, how can we justify our belief in the existence of these 'external things'? Is there no real justification for thinking that there is a world of things 'our there', that is, external to our own minds? According to this skeptical point of view, even our own bodies have a problematic status because they are not immediately recognizable a part of who or what we are. These views pose serious problems that philosophers working within the Cartesian tradition have to attempt to solve.

 

They claim that they meet other human beings only through our interactions with everyday objects such as tables and chairs, because we feel that it is a part of our experience of the world that it is inhabited by other human beings, other dasins. Why is that? The consciousness of the presence of ‘it’ is a building standard or norms that are within the society and the potential for self-confidence is the unit or norm that is the members of the community. On Hindgar’s point of view, when he lives in other circumstances or he exists in a single state, which is part of that community, which is the standard of individual rank, which is a certain part, but how it can be run. Becoming a Dusin is a major year-long incentive for DS to explore community organizations.

On its publication, critic Evert Augustus Duyckinck, a friend of Hawthorne's, said he preferred the author's Washington Irving-like tales. Another friend, critic Edwin Percy Whipple, objected to the novel's "morbid intensity" with dense psychological details, writing that the book "is, therefore, apt to become, like Hawthorne, too painfully anatomical in his exhibition of them"?