Thinking Activity : Duality of the Nature

Hello friends

Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University Students of English Department of  Prof. Vaidehi Hariyani gave by blog task the Prepare a blog on the thinking activity assigned to you in the introductory class of the Romantic Age. Prepare a blog representing your views on the duality of Nature and your experience with Nature.

What is Duality of Nature

 

I think the duality of nature is Simply put, the two sides of the coin that also have a good sense of nature are associated with the bad price, which usually results in the birth of a child, then happiness can be enjoyed, but when someone dies, there is sadness. Here we generally understand that "dualism" is a nature in which anything and everything holds the opposite truth: they are all true. Infinitely small but infinitely large and .long. Our planet is a huge planet, but there is also a thick cloud of dust suspended in space. The villain and the hero are both one another: they are all perspectives. As long as the body acts as an intermediary between consciousness and the universe, everything we believe to be the truth is connected only in relation to it.

The good part and the bad part of nature:

We know that when a fire breaks out, tsunamis, earthquakes, rains, then human life and whole life becomes brutal for life in which many humans, animals, and other lives are exposed to the jurisdiction. Destructive in that it is no less than a Holocaust in my view

The grace of nature gives the mind a lot of peace, the feeling of being close to nature while sitting on the beach, the feeling of joy, the warmth of an afternoon under a tree. Air conditioner room. Experienced, farmers, humans, livestock, etc. enjoy it when it rains, it looks beautiful.

Thank you

Shashi Tharoor's An Era of Darkness, Sahitya Akademi Award 2019

Hello Readers

Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University, the head of the Department of English, Dr. Dilip Barad sir gave this work to students through blogs - Task: Thinking Activity  The famous and prestigious Sahitya Akademi awards for 2019 are announced. The list of awardees in all languages is attached. The award in the English language category is awarded in the "creative non-fiction" category to Shashi Tharoor's An Era of Darkness.

Dr. Shashi Tharoor is delivering this speech in front of white people in this statement against Oxford Union. Listening sounds really cute. I really appreciate Dr. Clutter Tharoor's views. 'India ruled for the benefit of Britain'. The most surprising thing is that about the common people, Keshi Tharoor has challenged the main story and set a modern point of view in his arguments. The main thrust of Dr. Tharoor's speech was about the economic toll that British rule took on India. "India's share of the world economy when Britain arrived was 23 percent. By the time the British left it down to four percent. Why? Simply because India had been governed for the benefit of Britain. Britain's rise for 200 years was financed by its depredations in India. " "In fact, Britain's industrial revolution was actually premised upon the de-industrialization of India." Why? Simply because India was governed for the benefit of Britain. Britain's rise for 200 years was financed by its depredations in India. In fact, Britain's industrial revolution was actually premised upon the de-industrialization of India. By the time the British left it was down to 4 percent.

Dr. Tharoor delivered a talk entitled 'Return to British rule in India' and discussed how the British king shaped the narrative around Indo-UK relations. The former diplomat, who is currently serving as a member of the Indian Parliament, was discussing relations between the two countries at the university's McEwan Hall on Monday, October 2 - Mahatma Gandhi's birthday. Tyranny and violent nature were made clear. The point of departure for this lecture was the beginning of British colonialism in the subcontinent of South Asia. Tharoor described Britain's arrival in India as crucial for the successful establishment of the Raj and then clarified the early stage of economic exploitation. The British not only raised tariffs on Indian textiles but literally cut the weaver's toes as a means of destroying the Indian textile industry. Prior to British rule, Tharoor argued that the continent had a thriving economy based on the production of high-quality textiles demanded by the Roman Empire, a durable wooden ship that lasted three times longer than British ships, and was an innovative method of steelmaking. General Chat Lounge Tharoor's argument was that before 200 years of colonial exploitation, India was 23 percent of global GDP, but in 1947 it was one of the poorest countries in the world. In simple terms, the British made India poor. This lecture was an attachment to Tharoor's new book, English Empire: Year 2 What. The book was a companion to the English Empire: What the British Did Did to India (2017), based on their speech in the Oxford Union debate titled 'British News Repairs to Their Ex-Colonies', which went viral.

Dr. Shashi Tharoor has drawn much praise for his spirited argument at the Oxford Union debate, demanding reparation payments by Britain to India for its 200-year colonial rule, which, he said, led to the crumbling of India's economy.

This episode of 'To the Point' features an exclusive interview with Congressman Shashi Tharoor, in which he talks about his new book, Derpana: The British Empire in India.

In the 21st century, India's share of the world's economy was as large as Europe's. By 1947, it had declined sixfold. In the English Empire, Shashi Tharoor tells the real story of the British, the arrival of the East India Company from 1757 to the end of the Raj, and shows how Britain grew on its frustrations in India. India was Britain's largest cash cow, and the Indians literally paid for their own oppression. Britain's Industrial Revolution was founded on the deindustrialization of India and the destruction of its textile industry. Under British rule, millions died of starvation - including 4 million in 1943 alone, after the national hero Churchill turned Bengal's food stock toward war effort. Beyond victory and deception, the empire ousted rebels from cannons, assassinated anti-weapon protesters and entered institutional racism. British imperialism regarded itself as a proletarian democracy for the benefit of governance. The arguments for the Tharoor Empire go ahead and show how every supposed royal 'gift' from the railway to the rule of law was made in the interest of Britain alone. This misunderstood reappraisal of colonialism reveals the devastating impact of the illusory reality of Britain's stained Indian heritage.

"Listening to Tharoor is addictive, and his book, born of his speech in the Oxford Union which went viral, is just as charming. Tharoor eagerly echoes why the British Raj should never be proud or confused as a gift to India, and its settlers. Exposes devastating rape on India by "" ferocious and shocking. Essential to Britain lost to Sepia's fantasies about her past, the English Empire is the history of its clearest and best cuts. "Tharoor is sure to break some of the more myths about the mission of Britain's supposed culture in India ... He has charted the destruction of the pre-colonial system through the books of the British Government and their ubiquitous ledgers and rules. "Tharoor's book - the controversy of the 2015 controversial Oxford settlement in which he proposed" revenge for Britain's former colonies "- should set fire to both India and Britain ... it makes sense. Case, saying examples. '

Thinking activity:About Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie

Hello friends 

Maharaja Krishnakumar Singhji Bhavnagar University, Head of English Department Dr. Dilip Barad gave this work to students through blogs - Work: In which listen to this talk by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Fear of a story, should we all be feminists? Post. The importance of truth in the post-truth era.to know more about the task Click here

About Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, born September 15, 1977, Enugu, Nigeria, Nigerian author whose work drew extensively on the Biafran war in Nigeria during the late 1960s. Early in life Adichie, the fifth of six children moved with her parents to Nsukka, Nigeria. A voracious reader from a young age, she found Things Fall Apart by novelist and fellow Igbo Chinua Achebe transformative. After studying medicine for a time in Nsukka, in 1997 she left for the United States, where she studied communication and political science at Eastern Connecticut State University (B.A., 2001). Splitting her time between Nigeria and the United States, she received a master’s degree in creative writing from Johns Hopkins University and studied African history at Yale University.

In 1998 Adichie’s play For Love of Biafra was published in Nigeria. She later dismissed it as “an awfully melodramatic play,” but it was among the earliest works in which she explored the war in the late 1960s between Nigeria and its secessionist Biafra republic. She later wrote several short stories about that conflict, which would become the subject of her highly successful novel Half of a Yellow Sun (2006). As a student at Eastern Connecticut State University, she began writing her first novel, Purple Hibiscus (2003). Set in Nigeria, it is the coming-of-age story of Kambili, a 15-year-old whose family is wealthy and well respected but who is terrorized by her fanatically religious father. Purple Hibiscus garnered the Commonwealth Writers’ Prize in 2005 for Best First Book (Africa) and that year’s Commonwealth Writers’ Prize for Best First Book (overall). It was also short-listed for the 2004 Orange Prize later called the Orange Broadband Prize and now the Baileys Women’s Prize for Fiction. Half of a Yellow Sun (2006; film 2013), Adichie’s second novel, was the result of four years of research and writing. It was built primarily on the experiences of her parents during the Nigeria-Biafra war. The result was an epic novel that vividly depicted the savagery of the war (which resulted in the displacement and deaths of perhaps a million people) but did so by focusing on a small group of characters, mostly middle-class Africans. Half of a Yellow Sun became an international bestseller and was awarded the Orange Broadband Prize for Fiction in 2007. Eight years later it won the “Best of the Best” Baileys Women’s Prize for Fiction, a special award for the “best” prizewinner from the previous decade.

1) Talk on the importance of Story

2) We Should All Be Feminist

3) Talk on the importance of Truth in the Post-Truth Era

The feminist theory encompasses a range of diverse ideas, all of which originate with the following beliefs: society is patriarchal, structured by and favoring men, traditional ways of thinking support the subordination of women and the neglect or trivialization of issues particularly affecting women, this patriarchal order should be overthrown and replaced with a system that stresses equality for both sexes. Feminist theory impacts all institutions—medical, legal, academic, and social, for example—and can be used to illumine all issues affecting humans. The diversity of thought within feminist theory lies in the fact that women across the world differ from each other in many ways—including race, ethnicity, nationality, class, sexual orientation, or educational background, for example—and that these differences result in varying views of feminism and gender equality as expressed in liberal feminist, Marxist–socialist, radical ‘libertarian’ and radical ‘cultural,’ postmodern, and global feminist theories. Yet for all the diversity within feminist theory, there remains the belief that despite women's many differences, women everywhere share some basic ‘sameness.’’ We should give more weight to the issue of equality than feminist ideology, so that female discrimination can be avoided, but in the present case, women get the right to equality.

Women should seek respect, honor, equality, etc. 

for men, but women should achieve self-sufficiency.

-sanj

Thank You.

https://www.britannica.com/biography/Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie

Thanking Activity : I . A .Richards : verbal analysis

Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University, the head of the Department of English, Dr. Dilip Barad sir gave this work to students through blogs - Task: Do a verbal analysis of the poem/song/ film song lyric/hymns/ devotional songs or any poetic expression in any language. Keep in mind the kinds of misunderstanding discussed in the essay 'Figurative Language'. Based on the analysis given in the essay, give your comments on the poetic expression selected by you. CLICK HERE.

I try to define such kind of misunderstanding concept of figurative language in poetry with the reference of some Hindi movie songs and with one Gujarati poem.

I.A. Richards, in full name  Ivor Armstrong Richards, born Feb. 26, 1893, Sandbach, Cheshire, Eng.—died Sept. 7, 1979, Cambridge, Cambridge shire, English critic, poet, and teacher who was highly influential in developing a new way of reading poetry that led to the New Criticism and that also influenced some forms of reader-response criticism.

I.A.Richards was an influential English literary critic and rhetorical. Richards is regularly considered one of the contemporary study of literature in English. Richards's life and influence can be divided into the period, which corresponds roughly to his intellectual interest. Richards is often labeled as the father of the “new criticism”, largely because of the influence of his first two books of critical theory. I.A.Richards is at one with the new criticism in his stress on close textual and verbal stud of a poem.

                     According to Richards, there are three objectives to write, ‘The Practical criticism’.

·     To introduce a new kind of documentation.

·     To provide a new Technique.

·     To prepare the way for the educational method.

 In his methodology, a lot of importance is given to the “words”. Richards provides the theoretical foundations on which the technique of verbal was built.

The Importance of Words:

A study of his practical criticism together with his work ‘The Meaning of Meaning’ his interested in verbal and textual analysis.

Meaning of a word depends upon four factors these are:

1) Sense: It meant some that communicated the plain literal meaning of the words.

2) Feeling: It’s referred to the emotions, and emotional attitude like that pleasure, unpleasure and the rest.

3)Tone: The writer uses words and arranges them keeping in mind the taste of his readers. The feeling is the only state of mind.

गाना: जुगराफिया
फिल्म: सुपर 30
गायक: उदित नारायण, श्रेया घोषाल
गीतकार: अमिताभ भट्टाचार्य
संगीतकार: अजय-अतुल

JUGRAAFIYA 

जब से हुआ तेरे नजदीक है
दिल के मोहल्ले सब ठीक है
जब से हुआ तेरे नजदीक है
दिल के मोहल्ले सब ठीक है

यहाँ सुपर 30 फिल्म के इस गीत में, नायक अपनी प्रेमिका से कहता है कि जब तक तुम मेरे साथ हो तब तक सब कुछ ठीक है। उसके साथ रहने की इच्छा के बारे में बताना, छोड़ना नहीं चाहता.

जरा सा किताबों में कम ध्यान है
ज्यादा तेरे ख्यालों में है
तुझसे मिलके जो मजा है
कहाँ वो गणित के सवालों में है

यह पे  नायक एक  शिक्षक  की भूमिकामे लाग रहे| नायक अपने प्रिय विषय गणित के सवालों के जवाब में खोये रहते हे , प्रेमीका को चिड़ाने के लिए वो उसे देखा अनदेखा करते हे और अपने काम में व्यस्त रहते हे.   

कर के गुश्ताखियाँ
मांगे ना माफियाँ
हिन्दीट्रैक्स
तेरी चाहत ने बदला मेरे
दिल का जुगराफिया..

यहाँ नायक गुस्ताखियाँ  कर रहे हे अपना हक़ जता रहे हे  उनकी प्रेमिका पर और हिंदी भाषा में जो ज्ञान नायक को हे जो की पहले उसे थीक थाक लगरहिति बातचीत के लिये, लेकिन अब नायक को बहुत अच्छी लग रहीहे क्युकी उसी भाषा के माध्यम से अपनी प्रेमिका से  बात  होरही हे| नायक उदहारण के  रूपमे कह रहे हैकि वो हिन्दीभाषाने उनका  जो चित , ध्यान , और पूरी सोचनेकी क्षमताथी उसे बदल दिया अब सब  अच्छा लग रहा हे।        

हम्म साइकिल पर लेके जाऊंगा
समोसे गरम खिलाऊंगा मैं
कर वादा शनिवार को
भगवान के भरोसे छोड़ के समोसे
भूल जाये सोमवार को

शिक्षक यह पर शनिवार और रविवार की रजा ओंकी बात करके वो   अपनी प्रेमीका  से दो दिन की छुट्या साथ में बिताना कहते हे और समोसे खिलनेकी बात करते हे और सायकल पर घूमने की  भी बात कर ते हे। 

तेरे लिए घर से निकलती हूँ
जब कहता है मिलती हूँ
घरवालों से छुप के तुझे
परवाह नहीं है मेरी जादती है तेरी
क्या समझ रखा है प्यार को

नायिका अपने प्रीतम से कहती  हे की जब तू कहता हे तब मिलती हु पर पूरा दो दिन  क्यों ,में तेरे लिए घरसे निकलती हु और  जब तुज से मिलती हु तब भी चुप चुप कर मिलती हु  घर पर पता नहीं हे और तुम दो दिन साथ बिताने की बात करते हो ,तूने मुझे समाज क्या रखाहै ?  

तुझे किस तरह बताऊँ मैं
कितना ज़रूरी तेरा प्यार है
मेरे अंधियारे से जीवन में
तू ही सफेदी की चमकार है

और नायक खूबसूरत सा सवाल का जवाब  दे कर बताराहा  हे की तुजसे जो प्यार करता हु वो कितना जरूरी हे में  तुजसे बिना नहीं रह सकता, नायक यहां प्रेमिका के प्रत्यय  नशा एक आदत हो गयी हे , और कह रहे हैकि तुजसे जब से मिया हु मेरे भीतर जो अँधेरा था  यानि एक एकेला पन था वो तुजसे मिलकर ख़तम हुवाहे, और में जो ताज़ा दीखता हु अपने को जिसतरह निखरता हु उसकेलिये तुहि जमेंदार हे। 

कर के गुश्ताखियाँ
मांगे ना माफियाँ
तेरी चाहत ने बदला मेरे
दिल का जुगराफिया..
तेरी चाहत ने बदला मेरे
दिल का जुगराफिया..

नायक यहाँ पे अपनी  इच्छाओंको  प्रेमिकापर  थोप देते हे और माफ़ी मांगी नहींरहे।  और नायक का जो हाल हुवाहे प्रेमके  तहत प्रेमिका के प्रत्ये  उसने उनके विचारयको पुरि तरहसे बदल दिए हे और उनके जीवन में भारीवर्तन आया हे। 

प्रिय तुम्हारी सुधि को मेंने 

प्रिय तुम्हारी सुधि को मेंने यूं भी अक्सर झूम लिया
तुम पर गीत लिखा फिर उसका अक्षर अक्षर चूम लिया

में क्या जानूं मन्दिर मस्जिद गिरजा या गुरूद्वारा
जिन पर पहली बार लिखा था अल्हण रूप तुम्हारा
मेंने उन पावन राहों का पत्थर पत्थर चूम लिया
प्रिय तुम्हारी सुधि को मेंने यूं भी अक्सर झूम लिया........तुम पर गीत
​
हम तुम कितनी दूर धरा से नभ की जितनी दूरी
फिर भी हमने साथ मिलन की पल में कर ली पुरी
मेंने धरती को दुलराया तुमने अम्बर चूम लिया
प्रिय तुम्हारी सुधि को मेंने यूं भी अक्सर झूम लिया..........तुम पर गीत

प्रियतम सुधि की गंध तुम्हारी मेंने चूमी ऐसे
चरण अहिल्या ने रघुवर के चूम लिये थे जैसे
जैसे लकडी की मुरली ने मोहन का स्वर चूम लिया
प्रिय तुम्हारी सुधि को मेंने यूं भी अक्सर झूम लिया........तुम पर गीत


— श्री देवल आशीष श्रंगार रस कवि (Deval Ashish)


यहा पर कवि अपनी प्रेमिकसे कह ते हे की तुमपर गीत किखा और एक एक अक्षर को उसे ही चुम लिया ,और उसे मंदिर ,मजिद, गुरु द्वारा की उपमा देकर  उसे भगवानमे उसे दिखाय दे रही हे उसकी प्रेमी का और उन सभी भगवान ,खुदा,गुरु साहाब, के पसकी सभी जगको उसने चूम लिया क्युकी उसे वहापर भी उसकी प्रेमिका नजर आरही हे, और वो कह रहे हे की ज़मिन और आकाश जेतने दूर हो कर्भी हमं दोनोने दूरसे देखकर  ही  आस पूरी करदी, मेने ज़मीन पर से तुजे आवाज लगाइ और तूने आकाश में तूने सुन लिया, मेने तुहारी आने की गंध इस तरसे चूमी जिस्तःसे भगवान राम ने अहिल्या को, कृष्ण की उपमा देकर जेसे मुरली की तहत लकड़ी मेसे  सुर् वाली आवाज निकलति हे. उसी प्रकार मेने तुज को चुमलिया ,उसी प्रकार  प्यार जताते हे कवि. 

શ્યામ, તમે ફેસબુકમાં આવો તો 

શ્યામ, તમે ફેસબુકમાં આવો તો 
પાંચ હજાર ગોપીઓને રાખશો,
બીજાનું શું?
ક્લોઝ-ફ્રેન્ડ તરીકે તમે રાધાનું 
નામ આપશો,
તો પછી જીવનભર ઝંખતી 
મીરાંનું શું?

ચેટ કરશો તો 
સૂકાશે વાંસળી ને મુરજાશે મોરપિચ્છ..
જમનાને તીર જાશો તો 
રીસાશે રાધા ને કરશે બ્લોક 
પછી તમે કદી નહિ કહો:
‘યુગે યુગે આવીશ આ લોક !’

અધરાતે આવશે મીરાંનો મેસેજ 
તો સત્યભામાને પડશે શક 
તમે કોને જઈ કહેશો આ દખ ?

દ્રૌપદીને નહિ કરો જો ટેગ 
તો માગશે લીરો બાંધ્યાનું મૂલ 
ને શ્યામ તમને સમજાશે..
ફેસબુકમાં આવવાની ભૂલ !!


✍- કૃષ્ણ દવે

કૃષ્ણ દવે અહી મહાભારત નું પાત્ર કૃષ્ણ ની વાત કરે છે.  તે ફેસબુકમાં આવો તો ૫૦૦૦ ગોપીઓ રાખશે મિત્ર તરીકે તો નજીકની રાધાની શું? જેનીયાદ માં આખી ઝીંદગી વાટ જોઇને પસાર કરી એ મીરાનું શું ? તે કૃષ્ણને મળશે ? તેવા કરી પ્રશ્ન કરે છે. વાંસળી શુંવગાડી શકશે?  મુરજાશે મોરપિચ્છ? જમના નદી ને પણ યાદ કરે છે. રાધા જો રીસાની તો બ્લોક કરી નાખશો ,તો તમે ‘યુગે યુગે આવીશ આ લોક !’ તેવું કહી શકશો? જો અડધીરાત્રે મીરા નો મેસજ આવશે તો સત્યભામા શંકા કરશે અને તે વાત તે દુઃખ તમે કોને કેશો, અને જો  ટેગ નહિ કરો દ્રૌપદીને તો તે તેના ચીર પૂર્યા નું માંગશે મૂલ? આવી બધી પર્સ્થીતીનું નિર્માણ થશે , આવુજ સામાન્ય માનસ સાથે કવિ સરખાવી  રહીયા છે.

સોમવારે પારણુ બંધય છે

સોમવારે પારણુ બંધય છે
બોખા દાદીમા બહુ હરખાય છે
ઘુઘરા વાગે છે મંગળવારના
ને પછી હાલરડું પુરું થાય છે
બુધવારે સોટી ચમચમ વાગતી
વિદ્યા ઘમઘમ કરતી આવી જાય છે
ને ગુરુવારે મળે રુમઝુમ પરી
શુક્રના પ્રભાતે ઉડી જાય છે
થાક શનિવારના લાગે બહું
ને કબરમાં ટાંટિયા લંબાય છે
હા રવિવારે તો છુટ્ટી પાળીએ
ત્યાં જ મૃત્યુઘંટ વાગી જાય છે

-અદમ ટંકારવી

એક અઠવાડિયામાં કવિ માનવીના જીવન સાથે જોડે છે. સોમવારે પારણુ બંધય છે
બોખા દાદીમા બહુ હરખાય છે   એટલે કે   પ્રથમ દિવસે કામ પર જવાનું થઇ અને જેમ બાળક  ચાલતા સીખે ત્યારે ઘરના વૃદ્ધો જે રીતે ખુશ થાય તેમ વ્યક્તિ ખુશ્તાતો કામ પર જવા નીકળે છે  અને મંગળ વારે બાળક મોટું થાય તેમ હાલરડાં વગર સુયજાય તેમ પણ પોતાના કામ જાતે કરવા લાગે છે ,મોટું થાની સાતે બાળક શાળાએ જવાનું થાય છે અને લાકડી ન માર સહન કરી ને ભણવું પડે છે જ્ઞાન પ્રાપ્ત થાય છે તેજ રીતે  ઓફીસમાં લોકોના કામના પ્રશ્નો પૂર્ણ કરતાં કરતા અડધી ઝીંદગી પુરીથઈ જાય છે પોતાના ઘરે બાળકો કેમ મોટા થઇ ગયા તે ખબરજ નથી રેતી પૈસા કમાવાની રીતમાં વ્યક્તિ ભાગતો રહેતો હોય છે ગુરુવાર અને  શુક્રવાર ના ઉદાહરણ  દ્વારા ઝીંદગી માં ઘણા નાના મોટા પરિવર્તનો આવે છે સુખ અને  દુઃખ આવતા રહે છે,શનિવાર દ્વારા વૃધ્ધા અવસ્થામાં ખુબજ  થાકીગયા તેવું મહેસુસ થાઇ છે અને મૃત્યુની માંગણી કરે છે અને રવીવાર નો એક દિવસમાં મૃત્યુ પામી એટલેકે એક દિવસ કામ માં રજાનો લાભ મળે જે મૃત્યુ સાથે કવિ સરખાવે છે અને કોય અન્ય બાળક ન રૂપમાં જન્મીને સોમવારે પાછું આવી રીતે પસાર કરવું પડશે જેની કવિ દ્વારા  અઠવાડિયા ના દિવસો દ્વારા ખુબજ સરસ ઝીંદગી નું વર્ણન સામાન્ય શબ્દ દ્વારા કરે છે.    


આભાર.
Thank you.

Arundhati Roy :INDIAN AUTHOR, ACTRESS, AND ACTIVIST

Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University, the head of the Department of English, Dr. Dilip Barad, gave this work to students through blogs -reading the blog and watching two small videos on two novels, you shall write your response. A clue to write a response: Click here

About: -Suzanna Arundhati Roy

Arundhati Roy, full name Suzanna Arundhati Roy, born November 24, 1961, Shillong, Meghalaya, India, Indian author, actress, and political activist Arundhati Roy is a well-known English writer and social activist. Arundhati Roy is a well-known English writer who has also worked in a few films. The recipient of the Booker Award for 'The God Small F Things', best known for his award-winning novel (1997) and his involvement in environmental and human rights causes, has participated in other movements in India including the Narmada Bachao movement besides writing. He had been in discussions for some time due to his controversial statements on Kashmir.

Roy's father was a Bengali tea planter, and his mother was a Christian of Syrian descent who successfully challenged the laws of India's heritage by successfully claiming for the rights of Christian women to receive an equal share of their father's settlement. Although trained as an architect, Roy had little interest in design; She dreamed instead of a writing career. After doing a variety of fantastic jobs, including artist and instructor for er Robix, he wrote and starred in a movie called In In Give It To Ones (1989), and later on, scripts for Electric Moon (1992) and several television plays. The films made a lot of money dedicated to Roy, but his literary career was disrupted by controversy. In 1995, she wrote two newspaper articles claiming that Shekhar Kapoor's film Bandu Queen exploited one of India's most wanted criminals and inflated heroine Fulan Devi in ​​the early 1980s. The column makes were upset with the court case, and Roy retreated from the crowd and returned to the novel he began writing.

Novels and Nonfiction Works
In 1997 Roy published his first novel, The God Small Things to Wide Appreciation. Semiotobiographical work departed from traditional plots and light prose that was typical of best sellers. Written in the proud language of South Asian themes and characters in wandering narratives over time, Roy's novel Nonpatriate became the best-selling book by an Indian author and won the Man Booker Prize for fiction in 1998.

Roy's subsequent literary production consisted largely of politically-oriented nonfiction, mostly aimed at solving the problems facing his homeland in the age of global capitalism. Her publications include Power Politics (2001), The Algebra Infinite Justice (2002), Talk About Talk (2003), Public Power in the Edge Empire (2004), Field Notes on Democracy: Letting Grasshoppers (2009), Broken Republic. : Three Essays (2011), and Capitalism: A Ghost Story (2014). In 2017, Roy published the highest happiness of his first novel Ministry in 20 years. This work combines personal stories with local issues, as it uses a large cast of characters, including a transgender woman and a resistance fighter, to explore contemporary India.

Activism and Legal Issues
Roy was active in various environmental and human rights interests, often distinguishing himself with Indian legal officials and the country's middle-class establishment. He criticized the vocal support of Maoist-backed Naxalite insurgent groups, summarizing in a walk with the comrades (2011) when Roy was leading efforts to stop the construction of dams in the Narmada, project supporters accused him of attacking him in a protest in 2001. Was. Although the charge was dismissed, she was found guilty of contempt of court the following year for her dismissal. Allegations that he offended Supreme Court judges with his shapely tone. She was fined and imprisoned one day. The incident was coined in the DM / AGE (2002) documentary.

However, Roy's legal problems remained unchanged, and he avoided charges of sedition after commenting in support of Kashmiri independence in the 5th. In December 2015, he was given a contempt of court notice for an article in which he defended a professor who had been arrested for an alleged Maoist alliance. Two years later, the Supreme Court granted the stay, which temporarily halted proceedings. During this time Roy was involved in various causes. In 2019 she was among the numerous people who prepared an open letter that included U.S. And Afghan women were called to participate in peace talks between the Taliban. To acknowledge his outspoken advocacy for human rights, Roy was awarded the Lannon Cultural Freedom Award in 2002, the Sydney Peace Prize in 2004, and the Literary Academy Award from the Indian Academy of Letters in 2006.

Arundhati Roy does not believe in rushing things. With her novels, she prefers to wait for her characters to introduce themselves to her, and slowly develop a trust and a friendship with them. Sometimes, however, external events force her hand. One of these was the election of the divisive Hindu nationalist Narendra Modi as an Indian prime minister in May 2014. At the time, Roy had been working for about seven years on her second novel, the successor to her stunning, 1997 Booker prize-winning debut, The God of Small Things. But Modi’s victory forced her to “really put down the tent pegs” on what would eventually become The Ministry of Utmost Happiness.

“It was just a moment of shock for people like me,” says Roy, twirling an elegant, checked scarf around her neck like spaghetti around a fork. “For so many years, I’d been trying to yell from the rooftops about it and it was absolutely a sense of abject defeat and abject despair. And the choice was to get into bed and sleep for five years, or to really concentrate on this book. I didn’t feel like writing any more essays, although I did write one, I felt like everything I had to say had been said. It was time to accept defeat.”

It may have felt like a defeat to Roy, but the arrival of The Ministry of Utmost Happiness last year was a cause of celebration for nearly everybody else. The novel, now out in paperback, opens in Delhi, in what appears to be the 1950s, and introduces us to Anjum, a Muslim hijra or transgender woman. In the second part of the book, the story moves to Kashmir and we follow a new protagonist, Tilo, an architect who becomes involved with a group of Kashmiri independence fighters. The strands eventually converge, but along the way, dozens of odd characters dip in and out of proceedings. It’s not always immediately clear what purpose they are serving; it’s only at the end of The Ministry of Utmost A happiness that you realize what an extraordinary and visceral state‑of‑the-nation book Roy has created.


Thank you...

Matthew Arnold's : characteristics of Good Poetry and Criticism.

Maharaja Krishnakumar Singhji Bhavnagar University, the head of the Department of English, Dr. Dilip Barad, gave this work to students through blogs - according to Matthew Arnold, we were tasked to write about our understanding of the specialty of good poetry and criticism.Click here

Matthew Arnold (born December 24, 1822, Laleham, Middlesex, England—died April 15, 1888, Liverpool), English Victorian poet and literary and social critic, noted especially for his classical attacks on the contemporary tastes and manners of the “Barbarians” (the aristocracy), the “Philistines” (the commercial middle class), and the “Populace.” He became the apostle of “culture” in such works as Culture and Anarchy (1869).

Matthew Arnold is an intellectual giant of the Victorian Period. His views about poetry are elaborately stated in his "The Study of Poetry". He has a high conception of poetry. He points out the characteristics of the best poetry where man will stay in the future. He is confident that poetry has an immense future. He expresses his views on the nature, function, and character of poetry to a great extent. He gives poetry a very high position. Arnold sets high standards for poetry. According to him, it attains the place of religion. It is an application of ideas to life. The best kind of poetry is a criticism of life. He was a Victorian cultural critic and poet belonging to the 19th century. He has written famous critical essays like The Study of Poetry (1880), and Function of Criticism at Present Time (1865). He has supported poetry more than any other dialect of studies like science, theology, religion, and philosophy. Matthew Arnold has given something significant that he stands as a link between the Romantic critic Coleridge and the New Critics or 20th-century critics like T. S. Eliot, Cleanthes Brooks, and Harold Bloom.

Characteristics The study of poetry:

(1) poetic truth and poetic beauty

(2) Truth and seriousness of the matter

(3) The critic must be free from all prejudices personal and Historical

(4) Felicity and perfection of matter

(5) Excellent action and grand style

(6) Nature magic and profoundness

According to him, the best poetry is a criticism of life, abiding laws of poetic truth and poetic beauty. By poetic truth, he meant representation of life in a true way. By poetic beauty, he meant the manner and style of poetry. He said the poet should be a man with enormous experience. His intellect should be highly developed by means of enormous reading and deep critical thinking.

          Arnold says poetry is an ” application of ideas to life”. If the application of ideas is powerful the poetry will become great. He also lays emphasis on quality of ” high seriousness “

It comes with a sincerity which the poet feels for his subject. Many critics disagreed Arnold, T.S.Elliot a great poet himself disagreed with his view by saying  Arnold’s view is “frigid to anyone who has felt the full surprise and elevation of new experience in poetry”.Arnold's classic poets include Dante, Milton, Homer, and Shakespeare. He quotes the famous line of Milton

WHAT IS TOUCHSTONE METHOD?

It's a theory put forward by Matthew Arnold. He suggests that the best way of judging excellence is to have at one's command some passages from the great masters such as Dante, Shakespeare, et al. and such passages can be used as a “touchstone" with which to evaluate one's poetry. According to this theory, the critic must allow himself to feel the presence of high poetry in the select passages to avoid giving a falsely high estimate of inferior poetry.

Simply...Suppose if you are writing a poem, then you should compare that poem with a well-known poet's poem. This will make you understand the difference and helps you in producing a better poem.

” Nor thy life nor hate; but what thou livest

Live well: howling or short, permit to heaven”.

According to Arnold Geoffrey Chaucer was not a classic poet as he lacked ” high seriousness”.

Arnold said poetry should deal with ideas, not facts. Ideas should be moral. He said moral should not be taken in a narrow sense. He says ” poetry of revolt against life; the poetry of indifference towards moral idea is a poetry of indifference towards life “.

Thank you...